Interactions and Evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Balance with the Global Climate

One of the major consequences of ongoing global warming is the melting of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS). The GrIS, as the world’s second­ largest freshwater reservoir, has the potential to raise sea levels by 7.4 m (Bamber et al., 2018a,b). Such a sea­ level rise would have a devastating effect on coastal societies, where a large fraction of...

Present-day and future Antarctic ice sheet climate and surface mass balance in the Community Earth System Model

We present climate and surface mass balance (SMB) of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) as simulated by the global, coupled ocean–atmosphere–land Community Earth System Model (CESM) with a horizontal resolution of ∼ 1 ^∘ in the past, present and future (1850–2100). CESM correctly simulates present-day Antarctic sea ice extent, large...