3D Land Administration: Current Status (2022) and Expectation for the Near Future (2026) – Initial Analysis

This paper refers to the creation or update, organisation and initial analysis of the results from the 4th FIG 3D Land Administration Questionnaire, as an activity of the FIG Working Group 3D Land Administration 2022-2026.<br/><br/>The questionnaire on 3D Land Administration is conducted as a successor of the previous questionnaire on 3D...

Potentials and barriers to land-based mitigation technologies and practices (LMTs)—a review

Land-based mitigation technologies and practices (LMTs) are critical for achieving the Paris Agreement’s aim of avoiding dangerous climate change by limiting the rise in average global surface temperatures. We developed a detailed two-level classification and analysis of the barriers to the adoption and scaling up of LMTs. The review suggests...

Composite Power System Reliability (TR99)

his technical report reviews the state-of-the-art in composite system reliability (CSR) evaluation. Reliability assessment methods for composite generation and transmission systems have been developed in recent decades. However, maintaining an adequate level of reliability of the modern power grid is particularly challenging today due to many...

Towards an Implementable Data Schema for 4D/5D Cadastre Including Bi-Temporal Support

Cadastral databases have unique requirements not shared by other spatial databases: The third spatial dimension must be included, but visualisation using 2D software must also be accommodated. The majority of users of the Cadastre will use 2D software, and should be provided an “instant in time” plan view of the boundaries (with any 3D parcels ...

Analysis of the Third FIG 3D Cadastres Questionnaire: Status in 2018 and Expectations for 2022

The 3rd FIG 3D-Cadastres Questionnaire was conducted and distributed by the end of 2018, with an extended deadline of 15th of January 2019. The questionnaire survey is a part of the FIG working group 3D-Cadastres activities for the period of 2018-2022.<br/>The purpose of this survey is to prepare a comprehensive inventory of the current (2018)...

3D Cadastres Best Practices, Chapter 4: 3D Spatial DBMS for 3D Cadastres

Subdivision of land parcels in the vertical space has made it necessary for cadastral jurisdictions to manage cadastral objects both in 2D as well as 3D. Modern sensor and hardware capabilities for capture and utilisation of large point clouds is one of the major drivers to consider Spatial Database Management Systems (SDBMS) in 3D and...

3D Data Management - Overview Report

The paper has explored 3D data management from multiple perspective. The focus of the data management issue in this paper has not been restricted to 3D Cadastre, but rather to a broader 3D GIS to ensure that all capabilities and issues that exist in different related fields will assist and affect in the data management of 3D cadastral data. In...

Initial Registration of 3D Parcels

Registering the rights of a 3D parcel provides certainty of ownership, protection of rights and unambiguous spatial location. While not all cadastral jurisdictions in the world maintain a digital cadastral database, the concepts of such registration hold true regardless of whether it is a paper-based cadastre or a digital one. Similarly, the...

A taxonomy of spatial units in a mixed 2D and 3D cadastral database

The aim of this paper is to define the range of objects that may need to be accommodated in the development of a practical cadastral database, to also accommodate 3D spatial units, and permit a range of encodings to coexist. The level of geometric encoding as defined in the ISO19152 LADM provides a framework of categorization of spatial units...

Initial analysis of the second FIG 3D cadastres questionnaire: Status in 2014 and expectations for 2018

Valuation of real estate/ properties is in many countries/ cities the basis for fair taxation. The value depends on many aspects, including the physical real world aspects (geometries, material of object as build) and legal/virtual aspects (rights, restrictions, responsibilities, zoning/development plans applicable to the objects spaces)....

Initial Registration of 3D Parcels: Position Paper 2

This is a discussion paper for initiating an on-going conversation on “Initial Registration of 3D Parcels” in the working session at the 4th International Workshop on 3D Cadastres. The working session will focus on 3D registration from multiple points of view. Figure 1 shows the aspects of 3D registration that will be discussed in the working...

Initial Analysis of the Second FIG 3D Cadastres Questionnaire: Status in 2014 and Expectations for 2018

In this paper we present the initial analysis of the second FIG 3D Cadastres questionnaire, spanning the years 2014-2018. The first version of the 3D Cadastres questionnaire was conducted in 2010 and collected the status of 2010 and the expectations or ambitions for 2014. Most of the FIG 3D Cadastres working group members had completed the 2010...

ISO Land Administration Domain Model and LandXML in the Development of Digital Survey Plan Lodgement for 3D Cadastre in Australia

The aim of this paper is to explore the implementation issues of 3D Cadastre in Queensland, Australia, which is presently moving towards a full digital lodgement of surveying information, with a focus on validation rules. In Queensland the Electronic Access for Registry Lodgement (EARL) project has already successfully implemented EARL-I, the...

ISO land administration domain model and LandXML, in the development of digital survey plan lodgement for 3D cadastre in Australia

The aim of this paper is to explore the implementation issues of 3D Cadastre in Queensland, Australia, which is presently moving towards a full digital lodgement of surveying information, with a focus on validation rules. In Queensland the Electronic Access for Registry Lodgement (EARL) project has already successfully implemented EARL-I, the...

World-wide inventory of the status of 3D cadastres in 2010 and expectations for 2014

In this paper, the background, set-up, and a preliminary analysis of the survey conducted by the FIG joint commission 3 and 7 working group on 3D-Cadastre, 2010-2014 is presented. The purpose of the survey is to make a world-wide inventory of the status of 3D-Cadastres at this moment (November 2010) and the plans/expectations for the near future...

An overview of 3D cadastre from a physical land parcel and a legal property object perspective

The physical land parcel based model of representing, storing and manipulating cadastral data, which includes two-dimensional geometry as well as the rights, restrictions and responsibilities attached to it, has largely been very successful in dealing with the present needs of land administration. The emergence of newer objects and interests on...