Transaction Costs (TCs) in Building Regulations and Control for Green Buildings: Case Study of Hong Kong

About 40% of global energy consumption and nearly one-third of global CO2 emissions are on account of buildings. In Hong Kong, buildings consume up to 90% of electricity during construction and operation, where all the design and construction of private developments is subject to control under the Buildings<br/>Ordinance. The way building...

Modeling the green building (GB) investment decisions of developers and end-users with transaction costs (TCs) considerations

The paper, through a “regenerative” lens, has focused upon a new conceptual game system involving transaction costs (TCs) for creating a more accessible green buildings (GB) market. Individual stakeholders steadfastly guard their own interests in any investment decision, which seldom considers any positive gains to society. Green buildings,...

Challenges in Delivering Green Building Projects: Unearthing the Transaction Costs (TCs)

Delivering green building (GB) projects involve some activities that are atypical in comparison with conventional buildings. Such new activities are characterized by uncertainty, and they incur hidden costs that have not been expected nor are they readily appreciated among the stakeholders. This paper develops a typology and chronology to...