Feasibility Study of Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Method for Monitoring Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Reservoirs

Tracking temperature changes by measuring the resulting resistivity changes inside low-enthalpy reservoirs is crucial to avoid early thermal breakthroughs and maintain sustainable energy production. The controlled-source electromagnetic method (CSEM) allows for the estimation of sub-surface resistivity. However, it has not yet been proven that...

Feasibility Study of Monitoring Delft Geothermal Project Using Land Controlled- Source Electromagnetic Method

Delft geothermal project (DAPwell) is a planned geothermal well doublet, where relatively cold water is going to be injected through one well into a low enthalpy geothermal reservoir to produce hot water from the other well. The volume of the cold water around the injection well will increase over time and, in the end, result in a thermal...

The feasibility of csem monitoring in gas hydrate production of the range of porosity and saturation

Natural gas hydrates production tests over the last two decades has sown that production is not without risks. Indirect effects in the sedimentary rocks of phase changes are changes in porosity, permeability, and saturation. From a field production test site, porosity changes in the range of 15% to 19% and saturation from 5% to 60% were...

Examples of Seismic Shallow Subsurface Characterisation and Deep Electromagnetic Monitoring

Difficulties in detecting and characterising shallow objects close the surface with seismic shear waves are often problematic because of dominant surface waves. By sequencing a specific combination of two data driven processing steps followed by diffraction tomography can overcome these problems. Small scattering objects become visible in the...