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Extraction of structural extracellular polymeric substances from aerobic granular sludge

Felz, S. (author), Al-Zuhairy, S.H.K. (author), Aarstad, Olav Andreas (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Y. (author)

To evaluate and develop methodologies for the extraction of gel-forming extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), EPS from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was extracted using six different methods (centrifugation, sonication, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), formamide with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), formaldehyde with NaOH and sodium...

journal article 2016

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The acid soluble extracellular polymeric substance of aerobic granular sludge dominated by Defluviicoccus sp.

Pronk, M. (author), Neu, Thomas R. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Y. (author)

A new acid soluble extracellular polymeric substance (acid soluble EPS) was extracted from an acetate fed aerobic granular sludge reactor operated at 35 °C. Acid soluble EPS dominated granules exhibited a remarkable and distinctive tangled tubular morphology. These granules are dominated by Defluviicoccus Cluster II organisms. Acetic acid...

journal article 2017

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Identification of Glycoproteins Isolated from Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Full-Scale Anammox Granular Sludge

Boleij, M. (author), Pabst, Martin (author), Neu, Thomas R. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Y. (author)

ANaerobic AMMonium OXidation (anammox) is an established process for efficient nitrogen removal from wastewater, relying on anammox bacteria to form stable biofilms or granules. To understand the formation, structure, and stability of anammox granules, it is important to determine the composition of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS...

journal article 2018

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Glycosylated amyloid-like proteins in the structural extracellular polymers of aerobic granular sludge enriched with ammonium-oxidizing bacteria

Lin, Y. (author), Reino, Clara (author), Carrera, Julián (author), Pérez, Julio (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author)

A new type of structural extracellular polymers (EPS) was extracted from aerobic granular sludge dominated by ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. It was analyzed by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy to characterize specific amino acids and protein secondary structure, and by SDS-PAGE with different stains to identify different glycoconjugates. Its...

journal article 2018

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Chemical characterization methods for the analysis of structural extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)

Felz, S. (author), Vermeulen, Pascalle (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Yue Mei (author)

Biofilm structure and functionality depend on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), but analytical methods for EPS often lack specificity which limits progress of biofilm research. EPS were extracted from aerobic granular sludge and analyzed with frequently applied colorimetric methods. The colorimetric methods were evaluated based on...

journal article 2019

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Sialic acids in the extracellular polymeric substances of seawater-adapted aerobic granular sludge

de Graaff, D.R. (author), Felz, S. (author), Neu, Thomas R. (author), Pronk, M. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Y. (author)

Sialic acids have been discovered in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of seawater-adapted aerobic granular sludge (AGS). Sialic acids are a group of monosaccharides with a nine-carbon backbone, commonly found in mammalian cells and pathogenic bacteria, and frequently described to protect EPS molecules and cells from attack by...

journal article 2019

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Solubilization and characterization of extracellular proteins from anammox granular sludge

Boleij, M. (author), Seviour, Thomas (author), Wong, L.L.M. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Y. (author)

Elucidating the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of anammox granular sludge is important for stable nitrogen removal processes in wastewater treatment. However, due to a lack of standardized methods for extraction and characterization, the composition of anammox granule EPS remains mostly unknown. In this study, alkaline (NaOH) and...

journal article 2019

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Flame retardant property of flax fabrics coated by extracellular polymeric substances recovered from both activated sludge and aerobic granular sludge

Kim, Nam Kyeun (author), Mao, Ningtao (author), Lin, Richard (author), Bhattacharyya, Debes (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Y. (author)

In this research, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), such as EPS_flocs and EPS_granules, were successfully extracted from activated and aerobic granular sludge, respectively, and tested as bio-based flame retardant materials. Flax fabric was coated by the biopolymeric substances and its flammability was evaluated...

journal article 2020

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Impact of metal ions on structural EPS hydrogels from aerobic granular sludge

Felz, S. (author), Kleikamp, H.B.C. (author), Zlopasa, J. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Y. (author)

Structural extracellular polymeric substances (structural EPS) can form stable hydrogels and are considered to be responsible for the stability of biofilms and aerobic granular sludge. Structural EPS were extracted from aerobic granular sludge and characterized for their gel-forming capacity with different alkaline earth and transition metal...

journal article 2020

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Anticipating Xenogenic Pollution at the Source: Impact of Sterilizations on DNA Release From Microbial Cultures

Calderon Franco, D. (author), Lin, Qingnan (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Abbas, B.A. (author), Weissbrodt, D.G. (author)

The dissemination of DNA and xenogenic elements across waterways is under scientific and public spotlight due to new gene-editing tools, such as do-it-yourself (DIY) CRISPR-Cas kits deployable at kitchen table. Over decades, prevention of spread of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), antimicrobial resistances (AMR), and pathogens from...

journal article 2020

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Tackling the chemical diversity of microbial nonulosonic acids-a universal large-scale survey approach

Kleikamp, H.B.C. (author), Lin, Y. (author), McMillan, D.G.G. (author), Geelhoed, Jeanine S. (author), Naus-Wiezer, Suzanne N.H. (author), Van Baarlen, Peter (author), Saha, Chinmoy (author), Louwen, Rogier (author), Sorokin, Dimitry Y. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Pabst, Martin (author)

Nonulosonic acids, commonly referred to as sialic acids, are a highly important group of nine-carbon sugars common to all domains of life. They all share biosynthetic and structural features, but otherwise display a remarkable chemical diversity. In humans, sialic acids cover all cells which makes them important for processes such as cellular...

review 2020

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Decorating the Anammox House: Sialic Acids and Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans in the Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Anammox Granular Sludge

Boleij, M. (author), Kleikamp, H.B.C. (author), Pabst, Martin (author), Neu, Thomas R. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Y. (author)

Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) bacteria are important for the nitrogen cycle in both natural environments and wastewater treatment plants. These bacteria have a strong tendency to grow in aggregates like biofilms and granular sludge. To understand the formation of anammox aggregates, it is required to unravel the composition of the...

journal article 2020

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Aerobic granular sludge contains Hyaluronic acid-like and sulfated glycosaminoglycans-like polymers

Felz, S. (author), Neu, Thomas R. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Y. (author)

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear heteropolysaccharides containing a derivative of an amino sugar. The possibility of the presence of GAGs in aerobic granular sludge was studied by combining SDS-PAGE with Alcian Blue staining (at pH 2.5 and 1), FTIR, mammalian Hyaluronic acid and sulfated GAG analysis kits, enzymatic digestion and specific...

journal article 2020

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Sialic acids: An important family of carbohydrates overlooked in environmental biofilms

Pinel, I.S.M. (author), Kleikamp, H.B.C. (author), Pabst, Martin (author), Vrouwenvelder, J.S. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Y. (author)

Sialic acids in the structural matrix of biofilms developing in engineered water systems constitute a potential target in the battle against biofouling. This report focuses specifically on the presence of sialic acids as part of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of biofilms forming in cooling towers and the potential effect of...

journal article 2020

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Production of nonulosonic acids in the extracellular polymeric substances of “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis”

Tomas Martinez, S. (author), Kleikamp, H.B.C. (author), Neu, Thomas R. (author), Pabst, Martin (author), Weissbrodt, D.G. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Y. (author)

Nonulosonic acids (NulOs) are a family of acidic carbohydrates with a nine-carbon backbone, which include different related structures, such as sialic acids. They have mainly been studied for their relevance in animal cells and pathogenic bacteria. Recently, sialic acids have been discovered as an important compound in the extracellular...

journal article 2021

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Insight on how biopolymers recovered from aerobic granular wastewater sludge can reduce the flammability of synthetic polymers

Kim, Nam Kyeun (author), Lin, Richard (author), Bhattacharyya, Debes (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Y. (author)

Eco-friendly flame retardants are greatly required to meet the expectations of low-toxicity, environmental compatibility and sustainability. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), the biopolymers recovered from excess granular wastewater sludge, have been successfully incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by a solution casting method...

journal article 2022

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Sulfated glycosaminoglycan-like polymers are present in an acidophilic biofilm from a sulfidic cave

de Bruin, S. (author), Vasquez Cardenas, D. (author), Sarbu, S. M. (author), Meysman, F.J.R. (author), Sousa, D. Z. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Y. (author)

Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) are negatively charged extracellular polymeric substances that occur in biofilms from various environments. Yet, it remains unclear whether these polymers are acquired from the external environment or produced by microbes in the biofilm. To resolve this, we analyzed the presence of sGAGs in samples of an...

journal article 2022

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A review on recovery of extracellular biopolymers from flocculent and granular activated sludges: Cognition, key influencing factors, applications, and challenges

Chen, Xingyu (author), Lee, Yu Jen (author), Yuan, Tian (author), Lei, Zhongfang (author), Adachi, Yasuhisa (author), Zhang, Zhenya (author), Lin, Y. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author)

A reasonable recovery of excess sludge may shift the waste into wealth. Recently an increasing attention has been paid to the recycling of extracellular biopolymers from conventional and advanced biological wastewater treatment systems such as flocculent activated sludge (AS), bacterial aerobic granular sludge (AGS), and algal-bacterial AGS...

review 2022

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Enrichment and application of extracellular nonulosonic acids containing polymers of Accumulibacter

Tomas Martinez, S. (author), Chen, Le Min (author), Pabst, Martin (author), Weissbrodt, D.G. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Y. (author)

Abstract: Pseudaminic and legionaminic acids are a subgroup of nonulosonic acids (NulOs) unique to bacterial species. There is a lack of advances in the study of these NulOs due to their complex synthesis and production. Recently, it was seen that “Candidatus Accumulibacter” can produce Pse or Leg analogues as part of its extracellular...

journal article 2022

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Catabolism of sialic acids in an environmental microbial community

Tomas Martinez, S. (author), Chen, L.M. (author), Neu, Thomas R. (author), Weissbrodt, D.G. (author), van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. (author), Lin, Y. (author)

Sialic acids are a family of nine-carbon negatively charged carbohydrates. In animals, they are abundant on mucosa surfaces as terminal carbohydrates of mucin glycoproteins. Some commensal and pathogenic bacteria are able to release, take up and catabolize sialic acids. Recently, sialic acids have been discovered to be widespread among most...

journal article 2022