Development, production and evaluation of aerosol climate data records from European satellite observations (Aerosol_cci)

Producing a global and comprehensive description of atmospheric aerosols requires integration of ground-based, airborne, satellite and model datasets. Due to its complexity, aerosol monitoring requires the use of several data records with complementary information content. This paper describes the lessons learned while developing and...

Effects of dissipation on the superfluid–Mott-insulator transition of photons

We investigate the superfluid–Mott-insulator transition of a two-dimensional photon gas in a dye-filled optical microcavity and in the presence of a periodic potential. We show that in the random-phase approximation the effects of the dye molecules, which generally lead to dissipation in the photonic system, can be captured by two dimensionless...

Radioactive Holmium Acetylacetonate Microspheres for Interstitial Microbrachytherapy: An In Vitro and In Vivo Stability Study

Purpose The clinical application of holmium acetylacetonate microspheres (HoAcAcMS) for the intratumoral radionuclide treatment of solid malignancies requires a thorough understanding of their stability. Therefore, an in vitro and an in vivo stability study with HoAcAcMS was conducted. Methods HoAcAcMS, before and after neutron irradiation, were...

An advanced Gibbs-Duhem integration method: Theory and applications

The conventional Gibbs-Duhem integration method is very convenient for the prediction of phase equilibria of both pure components and mixtures. However, it turns out to be inefficient. The method requires a number of lengthy simulations to predict the state conditions at which phase coexistence occurs. This number is not known from the outset of...

Computing the starting state for Gibbs-Duhem integration

Gibbs-Duhem integration implies the numerical integration of a Clapeyron equation. To start the numerical integration, an initial coexistence point and a corresponding initial slope of the Clapeyron equation are needed. In order to apply Gibbs-Duhem integration to all kinds of systems at diverse physical conditions, one has to investigate and...

Parametrization of an anharmonic Kirkwood–Keating potential for AlxGa1?xAs alloys

We introduce a simple semiempirical anharmonic Kirkwood–Keating potential to model AxB1?xC-type semiconductors. The potential consists of the Morse strain energy and Coulomb interaction terms. The optical constants of pure components, AB and BC, were employed to fit the potential parameters such as bond-stretching and -bending force constants,...

First-principles study of H intercalation in rutile TiO2

Scaling behavior and parasitic series resistance in disordered organic field-effect transistors

The scaling behavior of the transfer characteristics of solution-processed disordered organic thin-film transistors with channel length is investigated. This is done for a variety of organic semiconductors in combination with gold injecting electrodes. From the channel-length dependence of the transistor resistance in the conducting ON-state, we...

Switch-on voltage in disordered organic field-effect transistors

The switch-on voltage for disordered organic field-effect transistors is defined as the flatband voltage, and is used as a characterization parameter. The transfer characteristics of the solution processed organic semiconductors pentacene, poly(2,5-thienylene vinylene) and poly(3-hexyl thiophene) are modeled as a function of temperature and gate...

Role of elasticity forces in thermodynamics of intercalation compounds: Self-consistent mean-field theory and Monte Carlo simulations

We propose a self-consistent mean-field lattice-gas theory of intercalation compounds based on effective interactions between interstitials in the presence of the host atoms. In addition to short-range screened Coulomb repulsions, usually discussed in the lattice gas models, the present theory takes into account long-range effective attractions...

The dynamics in polyethyleneoxide–alkali iodide complexes investigated by neutron spin-echo spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations

We determined the self part of the intermediate scattering function in liquid polyethyleneoxide (PEO) and PEO–alkali iodide complexes by means of neutron spin-echo spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations. We present the first accurate quantitative results on the segmental dynamics in the time range up to 1 ns and the wave...

Elementary mechanisms governing the dynamics of silica

A full understanding of glasses requires an accurate atomistic picture of the complex activated processes that constitute the low-temperature dynamics of these materials. To this end, we generate over five thousand activated events in a model silica glass, using the activation–relaxation technique; these atomistic mechanisms are analyzed and...

Structure of liquid GexSe1-x at the stiffness threshold composition

Significance and taxonomic value of iso and anteiso monoenoic fatty acids and branded beta-hydroxy acids in Desulfovibrio desulfuricans