Analysis of Stochasticity and Heterogeneity of Car-Following Behavior Based on Data-Driven Modeling

Traffic dynamics on freeways are stochastic in nature because of errors in perception and operation of drivers as well as the heterogeneity between and within drivers. This stochasticity is often represented in car-following models by a stochastic term, which is assumed to follow a normal distribution for the convenience of mathematical...

Modern approach to surface layer modifications of hydrated cement paste for improving permeability estimates of virtual concrete

Permeability estimates obtained by physical experiments and by simulations differ quite significantly. When biases at the experimental side would be eliminated, the expected modest gap could be bridged by surface layer modifications of the hardened cement paste, discussed herein. This involves the formation of a fractal-like nano-particle...