Unidirectional sulfate ingress in limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) pastes under cyclic exposure

If sulfate attack on Portland cement systems has been largely investigated in the last decades, mechanisms of sulfate resistance for systems with new SCMs are still in dim, especially for the emerging materials that are limestone calcined clay cements (LC³). Using a new semi-immersion approach, we forced the penetration of sulfate ions in just...

Developing a generic approach to durability

Cementitious Materials become more diverse. In particular, to reduce the CO2 emissions associate with production, it is necessary to increase the levels of replacement of clinker by other materials. A critical consideration is to know how durable different materials will be. Most forms of degradation involve the ingress of different species into...

The role of the micron-scale in reactive transport processes

Quantitative predictions for durability issues are necessary to adapt the formulations of cement blends with novel supplementary cementitious materials. These predictions are usually carried out with reactive transport models which are solved at the macroscopic scale. Upscaling laws are necessary to ensure that effective transport properties...

Advanced characterization of chloride binding in OPC and LC³ pastes

The incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in cement pastes enables both decreasing CO2 emissions and increasing the concrete durability, notably with a better resistance against chloride ingress and thus retarding the chlorideinduced corrosion of steel rebars. Nevertheless, a better understanding of the chloride fixation...

Effects of initial conditions and Mach number in the evolution of Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities

We present an experimental study of the effects of shock intensity and initial conditions on the evolution of Richtmyer-Meshkov Instabilities (RMI). This study is carried out in a vertical shock tube with a single interface of sulfur-hexafluoride and air. We use combined particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser induced fluorescence ...

Integration of Land Administration Domain Model with CityGML for 3D Cadastre

As our urban environments are densifying, it is essential to extend traditional cadastral systems that are based on two dimensional representation of ownership to support 3D. With the need to define property ownership in vertical as well as horizontal dimensions becoming pertinent around the world, a practical solution to represent 3D cadastral...

Flexibility and decoupling in the simple temporal problem (abstract)

Distributing flexibility to enhance robustness in task scheduling problems

Temporal scheduling problems occur naturally in many diverse application domains such as manufacturing, transportation, health and education. A scheduling problem arises if we have a set of temporal events (or variables) and some constraints on those events, and we have to find a schedule, which is an assignment of values to the variables that...

Life extension in protective coatings via self-healing technology

As the field of self-healing materials continues to grow, novel self-healing concepts and chemistries are being developed for a variety of applications including coatings. Self-healing functionality is typically considered for incorporation in coatings to solve two basic challenges including restoration of aesthetic properties and restoration of...

Reducing domestic energy consumption: A user-centred design approach

Energy use within the UK domestic sector is on the increase, causing significant environmental and social stresses. This increase in energy consumption is not only due to the rising proliferation of technological devices within the home, but also to their context of use, and the behaviours and habits attributed to and enacted through their...