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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Rubber swelling in bitumen, which is a diffusion-induced volume expansion process, plays a dominant role in the design of crumb rubber modified bitumen binders and their properties development. This study aims to investigate the kinetics of bitumen diffusion into truck tire rubber, the equilibrium swelling characteristics of rubber, and the...journal article 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Oxidative aging is responsible for the irreversible asphalt stiffening and embrittlement leading to asphalt pavements of increased susceptibility to fatigue and thermal cracking. In recent years, various flexible binders have been introduced in asphalt industry to produce long-life pavements and the epoxy asphalt binders are among them....journal article 2020
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Li, Mingliang (author), Fan, Weiyu (author), Xu, Jian (author), Erkens, S. (author)It is well known that crumb rubber (CR) and styrene–butadienestyrene (SBS) composite modified asphalt has better rheological and engineering performance. However, it always presents very poor compatibility and storage stability. Meanwhile, Trans-polyoctenamer (TOR) can effectively improve the compatibility and thermal stability of rubber...journal article 2020
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Zhang, H. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) can be considered as a binary composite system where rubber particles are embedded in the bitumen matrix. The bitumen-rubber interaction process (mainly swelling) significantly changes the mechanical properties of both bitumen and rubber phases. This study aims to predict the complex moduli of CRMB binders...journal article 2020
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Wang, H. (author), Fan, Weiyu (author), Erkens, S. (author)Recycling technology is widely used in the asphalt road construction due to its environmental and economic effects. Many efforts have focused on the performance restoration of aged base asphalt by adding light oil, but the possibility of recycling the aged asphalt using low-viscosity asphalt and polymers has been few explored. Therefore, the...journal article 2020
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Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Marocho, Paul (author), van de Ven, Martin (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)In-depth understanding of the synergetic effect between the various incorporating constituents in asphalt binders (e.g., polymers, fillers) is needed to design durable paving materials with desired properties. In this research, the focus was first on the effect of the reactivity of fillers on the evolution of adhesive strength between stone...journal article 2020
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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Naus, Robbert (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)The rejuvenation of epoxy modified bituminous binders is a topic of much debate because such binders may not be able to melt at high temperatures and restore their properties using recycling agents. This paper presents the results of an experimental program developed to evaluate the re-usability of an epoxy modified bitumen, or epoxy bitumen, by...journal article 2021
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Wang, Di (author), Leng, Zhen (author), Lu, Guoyang (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Rubberized asphaltic materials have been frequently combined with warm-mix asphalt technologies to tackle the issues of high energy consumptions and emissions during construction. Effective and accurate characterization of binder properties is conducive to the improvement of long-term pavement performance. The current study aims to quantify...journal article 2021
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Jing, R. (author), Varveri, Aikaterini (author), Liu, X. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Erkens, S. (author)The degradation of bituminous materials as a result of ageing has a significant effect on asphalt pavement performance. In this study, one porous asphalt (PA) section and one stone mastic asphalt (SMA) asphalt pavement section were designed and constructed in 2014 and exposed to the actual environmental condition. To study the change in the...journal article 2021
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Wang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Varveri, Aikaterini (author), Zhang, H. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Leng, Zhen (author)Considering the application scenarios of rubber granules from waste tires in the bitumen modification process (wet or dry process), both aerobic and anaerobic aging of rubber may occur. The current study aims to investigate the thermal aging behavior of waste tire rubber samples using nanoindentation and environment scanning electron microscopy ...journal article 2021
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Lin, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Xiao, Yue (author)To further explore the long-term aging behaviors of bitumen from the multiscale perspectives, the experimental characterization and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods were performed. Series of chemical properties for the virgin and various aged bitumen were evaluated using the TCL-FID, ATR-FTIR, Elemental analysis and GPC tests. The...journal article 2021
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Lin, P. (author), Wang, H. (author), Fan, W. (author), Erkens, S. (author)The chemo-rheological properties of crumb rubber modified bitumen are always unstable due to the mutable and uncontrollable swelling-degradation degree of crumb rubber in bitumen matrix. The study aimed at exploring the continuous swelling and degradation behaviors of crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) considering the influence of rubber size...journal article 2021
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Lin, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Zhang, Y. (author), Ren, S. (author)Observing the microstructure of bituminous binders with an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) can contribute significantly to reveal the underlying rejuvenation mechanism. In this study, three rejuvenators were selected to regenerate the aged SBS modified binders at five dosages, and their rheology was evaluated using a dynamic...journal article 2021
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Zhang, Y. (author), Lin, P. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Li, Mingliang (author), Xu, Jian (author)Lignin, as a major waste from biofuel and paper industries, could be utilized as a modifier to enhance the relevant performance of bitumen. However, the effects of lignin on the thermodynamics properties and molecular structure of bitumen are rarely studied. Meanwhile, the potential modification mechanism of lignin modified bitumen is still...journal article 2021
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Jing, R. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Liu, X. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Pavement materials containing epoxy-asphalt are mainly used to enhance the fatigue cracking resistance of surfacing layers on bridges. These materials have also been proposed for roadways, but limited field data are available. In this research, a fully instrumented epoxy-modified asphalt surfacing layer was applied to measure strain responses in...journal article 2022
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Anupam, K. (author), Liu, X. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), van Aggelen, M. (author)Membranes of sufficient bonding characteristics could improve the integrity of the multi-layer structures on orthotropic steel deck bridges (OSBDs), enhancing thus the structural response of these systems and, ultimately, their service life. In this research, full-scale experiments were performed at the LINTRACK accelerated pavement testing...journal article 2022
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Wang, H. (author), Zhang, H. (author), Liu, X. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author), Leng, Zhen (author), Airey, G.D. (author)Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) can be regarded as a binary composite system in which swollen rubber particles are embedded in the bitumen matrix. Previous study has successfully implemented the micromechanics models in predicting the complex moduli of CRMB binders using more representative constituent parameters. In the regime of master...journal article 2022
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Zhang, Y. (author), Liu, X. (author), Ren, S. (author), Jing, R. (author), Lin, P. (author), Apostolidis, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author), Wang, Xuancang (author), Scarpas, Athanasios (author)Lignin, one of the most abundant natural polymers, has been extensively studied as an additive in bituminous binders. Even though the lignin improves the overall resistance against oxidative aging of bitumen, it could lead to high thermal cracking sensitivity. In this study, a bio-oil (i.e., rapeseed oil) is implemented in lignin-modified...journal article 2022
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Lin, P. (author), Gao, Y. (author), Erkens, S. (author)The compatibility potential of rejuvenators plays an important role in improving the blending degree of rejuvenated bitumen. This study aims at estimating the efficiency of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in predicting the compatibility between rejuvenators and aged bitumen, and exploring the influence of rejuvenator type, aging degree of...journal article 2022
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Ren, S. (author), Liu, X. (author), Lin, P. (author), Erkens, S. (author)This study investigated the effects of swelling-degradation degree on the rheological properties and thermal pyrolysis behaviors of crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB). The equilibrium viscosity of CRMB in 160 ◦Cswelling process is 10.5 Pa·s at 8 h. During the 200℃-degradation procedure, the viscosity increased to a maximum value of 20.58 Pa·s...journal article 2022