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Eisma, Y.B. (author), Cabrall, C.D.D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)In pioneering work, Senders (1983) tasked five participants to watch a bank of six dials, and found that glance rates and times glanced at dials increase linearly as a function of the frequency bandwidth of the dial's pointer. Senders did not record the angle of the pointers synchronously with eye movements, and so could not assess...journal article 2018
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Shyrokau, B. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Stroosma, O. (author), Dijksterhuis, C. (author), Loof, Jan (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Happee, R. (author)Steering systems of trucks consist of many linkages, which introduce nonlinearities that may negatively affect steering performance. Nowadays, it is possible to equip steering systems with actuators that provide artificial steering characteristics. However, before new steering systems are deployed in real vehicles, evaluation in a safe and...journal article 2018
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Abbink, D.A. (author), Carlson, Tom (author), Mulder, M. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Aminravan, Farzad (author), Gibo, T.L. (author), Boer, E.R. (author)Shared control is an increasingly popular approach to facilitate control and communication between humans and intelligent machines. However, there is little consensus in guidelines for design and evaluation of shared control, or even in a definition of what constitutes shared control. This lack of consensus complicates cross fertilization of...journal article 2018
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Crowdsourced measurement of reaction times to audiovisual stimuli with various degrees of asynchronyBazilinskyy, P. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Objective: This study was designed to replicate past research concerning reaction times to audiovisual stimuli with different stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) using a large sample of crowdsourcing respondents. Background: Research has shown that reaction times are fastest when an auditory and a visual stimulus are presented simultaneously and...journal article 2018
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Cabrall, C.D.D. (author), Sheridan, T.B. (author), Prevot, T (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author)Human factors researchers are well familiar with Sheridan and Verplank’s (1978) ‘levels of automation’. Although this automation dimension has proved useful, the last decade has seen a vast increase of automation in different forms, especially in transportation domains. To capture these and future developments, we propose an extended automation...conference paper 2018
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Houben, M. E. (author), Hardebol, N.J. (author), Barnhoorn, A. (author), Boersma, Q.D. (author), Carone, A. (author), Liu, Y. (author), de Winter, D. A.M. (author), Peach, C. J. (author), Drury, M. R. (author)The potential of shale reservoirs for gas extraction is largely determined by the permeability of the rock. Typical pore diameters in shales range from the μm down to the nm scale. The permeability of shale reservoirs is a function of the interconnectivity between the pore space and the natural fracture network present. We have measured the...journal article 2017
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Does haptic steering guidance instigate speeding? A driving simulator study into causes and remediesMelman, T. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Abbink, D.A. (author)An important issue in road traffic safety is that drivers show adverse behavioral adaptation (BA) to driver assistance systems. Haptic steering guidance is an upcoming assistance system which facilitates lanekeeping performance while keeping drivers in the loop, and which may be particularly prone to BA.<br/>Thus far, experiments on haptic...journal article 2017
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), Eriksson, A. (author), Petermeijer, S.M. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)This paper summarizes our results from survey research and driving simulator experiments on auditory, vibrotactile, and visual take-over requests in highly automated driving. Our review shows that vibrotactile takeover requests in the driver’s seat yielded relatively high ratings of self-reported usefulness and satisfaction. Auditory take-over...conference paper 2017
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Cabrall, C.D.D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author)A majority (95%) of crashes can be attributed to humans, with the highest cause category (41%) involving errors of recognition (i.e., inattention, distraction, inadequate surveillance) [1]. Driving safety research often claims that as much as 90% of the information that drivers use is visual. However, these claims have been hampered by a lack of...conference paper 2017
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Lee, O.Z.A. (author), Dialynas, G. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author)Recent years have seen an increase in cycling as a transport mode in urban centers. This has spurred an interest in the use of bicycle simulators to study cyclist behavior [1, 2, 3, 4]. However, few implement a model based approach that couples the bicycle roll and steer in a realistic manner [5]. Balancing is a key task in cycling and we aimed...conference paper 2017
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Ali, A. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Dodou, D. (author), Breedveld, P. (author)To overcome the challenges presented by complex 3-dimensional shapes and tortuous vasculature in the cardiovascular environment, we previously developed a prototype of a multi-steerable catheter having 4 DOFs controlled by two joysticks [1]. However, it remains unknown whether the added steering possibilities are beneficial in the cardiovascular...abstract 2017
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Schakel, W.J. (author), Gorter, C.M. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), van Arem, B. (author)With the increasing number of vehicles equipped with Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), it becomes important to assess its impact on traffic flow efficiency, in particular with respect to capacity and queue discharge rate. Simulation studies and surveys suggest that ACC has both positive and negative effects on traffic flow, but empirical...journal article 2017
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Bazilinskyy, P. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Take-over requests in automated driving should fit the urgency of the traffic situation. The robustness of various published research findings on the valuations of speech-based warning messages is unclear. This research aimed to establish how people value speech-based take-over requests as a function of speech rate, background noise, spoken...journal article 2017
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van Leeuwen, P.M. (author), de Groot, S. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Motorsport has developed into a professional international competition. However, limited research is available on the perceptual and cognitive skills of racing drivers. By means of a racing simulator, we compared the driving performance of seven racing drivers with ten non-racing drivers. Participants were tasked to drive the fastest possible...journal article 2017
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Petermeijer, S.M. (author), Doubek, Fabian (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Conditionally automated driving systems may soon be available on the market. Even though these systems exempt drivers from the driving task for extended periods of time, drivers are expected to take back control when the automation issues a so-called take-over request. This study investigated the interaction between take-over request modality...conference paper 2017
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Kyriakidis, M. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Stanton, N. (author), Bellet, T. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Brookhuis, K.A. (author), Martens, M.H. (author), Bengler, K. (author), Andersson, J. (author), Merat, N. (author), Reed, N. (author), Flament, M. (author), Hagenzieker, Marjan (author), Happee, R. (author)Automated driving can fundamentally change road transportation and improve quality of life. However, at present, the role of humans in automated vehicles (AVs) is not clearly established. Interviews were conducted in April and May 2015 with 12 expert researchers in the field of human factors (HFs) of automated driving to identify...journal article 2017
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Houtenbos, M (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Hale, A.R. (author), Wieringa, P.A. (author), Hagenzieker, Marjan (author)A large portion of road traffic crashes occur at intersections for the reason that drivers lack necessary visual information. This research examined the effects of an audio-visual display that provides real-time sonification and visualization of the speed and direction of another car approaching the crossroads on an intersecting road. The...journal article 2017
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Kovacsova, N. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Hagenzieker, Marjan (author)In the Netherlands, 30% of fatal crashes between 2010 and 2015 involved a cyclist [1], with a large portion of these crashes occurring at intersections in urban areas. Contributing factors to driver-cyclist collisions at intersections are not only inadequate visual search, but also incorrect expectations about the other’s intentions [2]....conference paper 2017
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Kolekar, S.B. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Abbink, D.A. (author)The interaction between a human driver and an automated driving system may improve when the automation is designed in such a way that it behaves in a human-like manner. This paper introduces a human-like steering model, in which the driver adapts to the risk due to uncertainty in the environment. Current steering models take a risk-neutral...conference paper 2017
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Petermeijer, S.M. (author), Cieler, S. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Vibrotactile stimuli can be effective as warning signals, but their effectiveness as directional take-over requests in automated driving is yet unknown. This study aimed to investigate the correct response rate, reaction times, and eye and head orientation for static versus dynamic directional take-over requests presented via vibrating motors...journal article 2017