Bridging Worlds: Augmented Reality for Pedestrian-Automated Vehicle Interactions

This thesis explores how automated vehicles will interact with pedestrians in the urban environment through augmented reality technology. Nine distinct AR interfaces were designed, developed, and evaluated to assess how different design elements (symbols, text, colour) and distinct mappings of the AR (on the road, on the vehicle, or head-locked)...

Head-locked, world-locked, or conformal diminished-reality? An examination of different AR solutions for pedestrian safety in occluded scenarios

Many collisions between pedestrians and cars are caused by poor visibility, such as occlusion by a parked vehicle. Augmented reality (AR) could help to prevent this problem, but it is unknown to what extent the augmented information needs to be embedded into the world. In this virtual reality experiment with a head-mounted display (HMD), 28...

Augmented reality for supporting the interaction between pedestrians and automated vehicles: an experimental outdoor study

Introduction: Communication from automated vehicles (AVs) to pedestrians using augmented reality (AR) could positively contribute to traffic safety. However, previous AR research for pedestrians was mainly conducted through online questionnaires or experiments in virtual environments instead of real ones.<br/><br/>Methods: In this study, 28...

The Road Ahead: Advancing Interactions between Autonomous Vehicles, Pedestrians, and Other Road Users

While great strides have been taken in advancing the field of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), challenges abound in understanding and improving how Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) will interact with and within society. Through this paper, the authors attempt to paint the picture of challenges unique to the study and advancement of interfaces between AVs...

Using ChatGPT for human–computer interaction research: a primer

ChatGPT could serve as a tool for text analysis within the field of Human–Computer Interaction, though its validity requires investigation. This study applied ChatGPT to: (1) textbox questionnaire responses on nine augmented-reality interfaces, (2) interview data from participants who experienced these interfaces in a virtual simulator, and (3)...

Augmented reality interfaces for pedestrian-vehicle interactions: An online study

Augmented Reality (AR) technology could be utilised to assist pedestrians in navigating safely through traffic. However, whether potential users would understand and use such AR solutions is currently unknown. Nine novel AR interfaces for pedestrian-vehicle communication, previously developed using an experience-based design method, were...

Augmented reality concepts for pedestrian-vehicle interactions: An online study

Nine AR interfaces designed using an experience- based, and theoretically informed design approach, were presented in an online questionnaire for user evaluation.<br/>Statistical analysis of presented measures, and the computation of an overall composite score revealed a preference towards traditional and familiar traffic elements.

Enhancing the transport IoT of the future: towards extended reality HMIs

This project aims to explore whether augmented reality (AR) technology is suitable for communication between automated vehicles (AVs) and vulnerable road users (VRUs).<br/>Several AR designs have been proposed, and user tested to measure factors such as interpretability, and trust, with increasing ecological validity.

How do people distribute their attention while observing The Night Watch?

This study explored how people look at The Night Watch (1642), Rembrandt's masterpiece. Twenty-one participants each stood in front of the painting for 5 min, while their eyes were recorded with a mobile eye-tracker and their thoughts were verbalized with a think-aloud method. We computed a heatmap of the participants’ attentional...

Augmented Reality For AV-VRU Interactions

This project aims to explore whether augmented reality (AR) technology is suitable for communication between automated/autonomous vehicles (AVs) and vulnerable road users (VRUs). The issues of preferred design, interpretability, comparison to current communication strategies, and trust are or will be explored.

Methodological Framework for Modelling and Empirical Approaches (Deliverable D1.1 in the H2020 MSCA ITN project SHAPE-IT)

The progress in technology development over the past decades, both with respect to software and hardware, offers the vision of automated vehicles as means of achieving zero fatalities in traffic. However, the promises of this new technology – an increase in road safety, traffic efficiency, and user comfort – can only be realized if this...

An Overview of Interfaces for Automated Vehicles (inside/outside) (Deliverable D2.1 in the H2020 MSCA ITN project SHAPE-IT)

This Deliverable starts with a short overview of the design principles and guidelines developed for current Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs), which are predominantly developed for manually driven vehicles, or those with a number of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), at SAE Levels 0 and 1 (SAE, 2018). It then provides an overview of how...

Towards future pedestrian-vehicle interactions: Introducing theoretically-supported AR prototypes

The future urban environment may consist of mixed traffic in which pedestrians interact with automated vehicles (AVs). However, it is still unclear how AVs should communicate their intentions to pedestrians. Augmented reality (AR) technology could transform the future of interactions between pedestrians and AVs by offering targeted and...

Vulnerable road users and the coming wave of automated vehicles: Expert perspectives

Automated driving research over the past decades has mostly focused on highway environments. Recent technological developments have drawn researchers and manufacturers to look ahead at introducing automated driving in cities. The current position paper examines this challenge from the viewpoint of scientific experts. Sixteen Human Factors...