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Enthoven, L.A. (author), Fakkel, N.E. (author), Bartling, H.P. (author), van Riggelen, M. (author), Schymik, K.N. (author), Yun, J. (author), Tsapanou Katranara, E. (author), Vollmer, R. (author), Taminiau, T.H. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author), Babaie, M. (author)Color-center quantum bits (qubits), such as the Nitrogen-Vacancy center (NV) in diamond, have demonstrated entanglement between remote (>1.3km) qubits and excellent coherence times [1], all while operating at a few Kelvins. Compared to other qubit technologies typically operating at mK temperatures, the higher operating temperature of NVs...conference paper 2024
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Prabowo, B. (author), Pietx i Casas, O. (author), Montazerolghaem, M.A. (author), Scappucci, G. (author), Vandersypen, L.M.K. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author), Babaie, M. (author)Continuous rounds of quantum error correction (QEC) are essential to achieve faulttolerant quantum computers (QCs). In each QEC cycle, thousands of ancilla quantum bits (qubits) must be read out faster than the qubits' decoherence time (<<T2∗~120μs for spin qubits). To address this urgent need, several CMOS receivers operating at...conference paper 2024
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Gong, J. (author), Charbon-Iwasaki-Charbon, E. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author), Babaie, M. (author)This article presents the first cryogenic phase-locked loop (PLL) operating at 4.2 K. The PLL is designed for the control system of scalable quantum computers. The specifications of PLL are derived from the required control fidelity for a single-qubit operation. By considering the benefits and challenges of cryogenic operation, a dedicated...journal article 2023
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Overwater, R.W.J. (author), Babaie, M. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author)Cryogenic CMOS (cryo-CMOS) circuits are often hindered by the cryogenic threshold-voltage increase. To mitigate such an increase, a forward body biasing (FBB) technique in bulk CMOS is proposed, which can operate up to the nominal supply without problematic leakage currents, thanks to the larger diode turn-on voltage at cryogenic temperatures...journal article 2023
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Fakkel, N.E. (author), Mortazavi, S.M. (author), Overwater, R.W.J. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author), Babaie, M. (author)State-of-the-art quantum computers already comprise hundreds of cryogenic quantum bits (qubits), and prototypes with over 10k qubits are currently being developed. Such large-scale systems require local cryogenic electronics for qubit control and readout, leaving the digital controllers for algorithm execution and quantum error correction ...conference paper 2023
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Anders, Jens (author), Babaie, M. (author), Bashir, Imran (author), Charbon, Edoardo (author), Geck, Lotte (author), Ibrahim, Mohamed I. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author), Staszewski, R.B. (author), Vladimirescu, A. (author)Over the past decade, significant progress in quantum technologies has been made, and hence, engineering of these systems has become an important research area. Many researchers have become interested in studying ways in which classical integrated circuits can be used to complement quantum mechanical systems, enabling more compact, performant...journal article 2023
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Shokrolahzade, E. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author), Mubarak, F.A. (author), Babaie, M. (author), Spirito, M. (author)In this contribution, we describe the modeling approaches and the characterization procedures used to develop accurate standard models for cryogenic, probe-level, calibrations substrates.The key electrical and mechanical parameters of the impedance terminations and the lines used in commercially available impedance standard substrates are...conference paper 2023
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Alarcon, Eduard (author), Abadal, Sergi (author), Sebastiano, F. (author), Babaie, M. (author), Charbon-Iwasaki-Charbon, E. (author), Bolivar, Peter Haring (author), Palesi, Maurizio (author), Staszewski, R.B. (author), Almudever, Carmen G. (author)The grand challenge of scaling up quantum computers requires a full-stack architectural standpoint. In this position paper, we will present the vision of a new generation of scalable quantum computing architectures featuring distributed quantum cores (Qcores) interconnected via quantum-coherent qubit state transfer links and orchestrated via...conference paper 2023
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Van Rijs, Samantha (author), Ercan, İlke (author), Vladimirescu, A. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author)Quantum computers process information stored in quantum bits (qubits), which must be controlled and read out by a traditional electronic interface. Co-designing and cooptimizing such a quantum-classical complex system requires efficient simulators to emulate the qubits and their interaction with classical electronics. For spin-qubit readout,...conference paper 2023
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Battistel, F. (author), Chamberland, C. (author), Johar, K. (author), Overwater, R.W.J. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author), Skoric, L. (author), Ueno, Y. (author), Usman, M. (author)Quantum computing is poised to solve practically useful problems which are computationally intractable for classical supercomputers. However, the current generation of quantum computers are limited by errors that may only partially be mitigated by developing higher-quality qubits. Quantum error correction (QEC) will thus be necessary to...review 2023
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Paraskevopoulos, N. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author), Almudever, Carmen G. (author), Feld, S. (author)Despite Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices being severely constrained, hardware- and algorithm-aware quantum circuit mapping techniques have been developed to enable successful algorithm executions. Not so much attention has been paid to mapping and compilation implementations for spin-qubit quantum processors due to the scarce...journal article 2023
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Kiene, G. (author), Overwater, R.W.J. (author), Catania, Alessandro (author), Gunaputi Sreenivasulu, A.M. (author), Bruschi, Paolo (author), Charbon-Iwasaki-Charbon, E. (author), Babaie, M. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author)This article presents a two-times interleaved, loop-unrolled SAR analog-to-digital converter (ADC) operational from 300 down to 4.2 K. The 6-8-bit resolution and the sampling speed up to 1 GS/s are targeted at digitizing the multi-channel frequency-multiplexed input in a spin-qubit reflectometry readout for quantum computing. To optimize the...journal article 2023
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Xue, X. (author), 't Hart, P.A. (author), Charbon-Iwasaki-Charbon, E. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author), Vladimirescu, A. (author)As big strides were being made in many science fields in the 1970s and 80s, faster computation for solving problems in molecular biology, semiconductor technology, aeronautics, particle physics, etc., was at the forefront of research. Parallel and super-computers were introduced, which enabled problems of a higher level of complexity to be...journal article 2023
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Kiene, G. (author), Overwater, R.W.J. (author), Babaie, M. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author)This paper presents a floating inverter amplifier (FIA) that performs high-linearity amplification and sampling while driving a 2<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math> </inline-formula> time-interleaved (TI) SAR ADC, operating from room temperature (RT) down to 4.2 K. The power-efficient FIA...journal article 2023
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Damsteegt, R.A. (author), Overwater, R.W.J. (author), Babaie, M. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author)The cryogenic electronic interface for quantum pro-cessors requires cryo-CMOS embedded memories that cover a wide range of specifications. The temperature dependence of device parameters, such as the threshold voltage, the gate/subthreshold leakage, and the variability, severely alters the memories' performance between room temperature (RT)...conference paper 2023
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Overwater, R.W.J. (author), Babaie, M. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author)Quantum error correction (QEC) is required in quantum computers to mitigate the effect of errors on physical qubits. When adopting a QEC scheme based on surface codes, error decoding is the most computationally expensive task in the classical electronic back-end. Decoders employing neural networks (NN) are well-suited for this task but their...journal article 2022
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Gong, J. (author), Charbon-Iwasaki-Charbon, E. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author), Babaie, M. (author)This article presents a low-jitter and low-spur charge-sampling phase-locked loop (CSPLL). A charge-domain sub-sampling phase detector is introduced to achieve a high phase-detection gain and to reduce the PLL in-band phase noise. Even without employing any power-hungry isolation buffers, the proposed phase detector dramatically suppresses...journal article 2022
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Gong, J. (author), Chen, Y. (author), Charbon-Iwasaki-Charbon, E. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author), Babaie, M. (author)This article presents a 4-to-5GHz LC oscillator operating at 4.2K for quantum computing applications. The phase noise (PN) specification of the oscillator is derived based on the control fidelity for a single-qubit operation. To reveal the substantial gap between the theoretical predictions and measurement results at cryogenic temperatures, a...journal article 2022
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Bavdaz, P.L. (author), Eenink, H.G.J. (author), van Staveren, J. (author), Lodari, M. (author), Almudever, C. G. (author), Clarke, J. S. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author), Veldhorst, M. (author), Scappucci, G. (author)We demonstrate a 36 × 36 gate electrode crossbar that supports 648 narrow-channel field effect transistors (FET) for gate-defined quantum dots, with a quadratic increase in quantum dot count upon a linear increase in control lines. The crossbar is fabricated on an industrial <sup>28</sup>Si-MOS stack and shows 100% FET yield at cryogenic...journal article 2022
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Enthoven, L.A. (author), van Staveren, J. (author), Gong, J. (author), Babaie, M. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author)This paper presents a 15b cryo-CMOS DAC for multiplexed spin-qubit biasing implemented in a 22-nm FinFET process. The integrating-DAC architecture and the robust digitally-assisted high-voltage output stage enable a low power dissipation (157W) and small area (0.08mm2) independent of the number of biased qubits, and a 3V output range well...conference paper 2022