- document
-
Nordhoff, S. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Madigan, Ruth (author), Merat, Natasha (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)Automated shuttles are now in a prototyping phase in several research projects. However, there is still a paucity of knowledge on the acceptance of these shuttles. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire study among individuals (n = 384) who physically experienced an automated shuttle on an office campus in Berlin-Schöneberg. The...journal article 2018
- document
-
Cabrall, C.D.D. (author), Sheridan, T.B. (author), Prevot, T (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author)Human factors researchers are well familiar with Sheridan and Verplank’s (1978) ‘levels of automation’. Although this automation dimension has proved useful, the last decade has seen a vast increase of automation in different forms, especially in transportation domains. To capture these and future developments, we propose an extended automation...conference paper 2018
- document
-
Cabrall, C.D.D. (author), Lu, Z. (author), Kyriakidis, M. (author), Manca, L. (author), Dijksterhuis, C. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)A common challenge with processing naturalistic driving data is that humans may need to categorize great volumes of recorded visual information. By means of the online platform CrowdFlower, we investigated the potential of crowdsourcing to categorize driving scene features (i.e., presence of other road users, straight road segments, etc.) at...journal article 2018
- document
-
Nordhoff, S. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Kyriakidis, M. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)Shuttles that operate without an onboard driver are currently being developed and tested in various projects worldwide. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on the determinants of acceptance of driverless shuttles in large cross-national samples. In the present study, we surveyed 10,000 respondents on the acceptance of driverless vehicles...journal article 2018
- document
-
Shyrokau, B. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Stroosma, O. (author), Dijksterhuis, C. (author), Loof, Jan (author), van Paassen, M.M. (author), Happee, R. (author)Steering systems of trucks consist of many linkages, which introduce nonlinearities that may negatively affect steering performance. Nowadays, it is possible to equip steering systems with actuators that provide artificial steering characteristics. However, before new steering systems are deployed in real vehicles, evaluation in a safe and...journal article 2018
- document
-
Cabrall, C.D.D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author)A majority (95%) of crashes can be attributed to humans, with the highest cause category (41%) involving errors of recognition (i.e., inattention, distraction, inadequate surveillance) [1]. Driving safety research often claims that as much as 90% of the information that drivers use is visual. However, these claims have been hampered by a lack of...conference paper 2017
- document
-
Lee, O.Z.A. (author), Dialynas, G. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author)Recent years have seen an increase in cycling as a transport mode in urban centers. This has spurred an interest in the use of bicycle simulators to study cyclist behavior [1, 2, 3, 4]. However, few implement a model based approach that couples the bicycle roll and steer in a realistic manner [5]. Balancing is a key task in cycling and we aimed...conference paper 2017
- document
-
van Leeuwen, P.M. (author), de Groot, S. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Motorsport has developed into a professional international competition. However, limited research is available on the perceptual and cognitive skills of racing drivers. By means of a racing simulator, we compared the driving performance of seven racing drivers with ten non-racing drivers. Participants were tasked to drive the fastest possible...journal article 2017
- document
-
Lu, Z. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)This study presents a numerical model that describes the dynamic process of building situation awareness after an automation-initiated transition. The model predicts the level of situation awareness as a function of elapsed time since the transition, and is verified using data from an experiment in which participants watched animated video...conference paper 2017
- document
-
Kyriakidis, M. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Stanton, N. (author), Bellet, T. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Brookhuis, K.A. (author), Martens, M.H. (author), Bengler, K. (author), Andersson, J. (author), Merat, N. (author), Reed, N. (author), Flament, M. (author), Hagenzieker, Marjan (author), Happee, R. (author)Automated driving can fundamentally change road transportation and improve quality of life. However, at present, the role of humans in automated vehicles (AVs) is not clearly established. Interviews were conducted in April and May 2015 with 12 expert researchers in the field of human factors (HFs) of automated driving to identify...journal article 2017
- document
-
Rendon Velez, E. (author), van Leeuwen, P.M. (author), Happee, R. (author), Horvath, I. (author), van der Vegte, Wilhelm Frederik (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Speeding because of time pressure is a leading contributor to traffic accidents. Previous research indicates that people respond to time pressure through increased physiological activity and by adapting their task strategy in order to mitigate task demands. In the present driving simulator study, we investigated effects of time pressure on...journal article 2016
- document
-
Subjective and objective descriptions of driving scenes in support of driver-automation interactionsCabrall, C.D.D. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Background: Recent advances in the growing domain of automated driving suggest the need for thoughtful design of human-computer interaction strategies. For example, human drivers can process scene variability on implicit levels, but automated systems require explicit rule-based judgments of similarity and difference. What level of abstraction an...poster 2016
- document
-
Lu, Z. (author), Happee, R. (author), Cabrall, C.D.D. (author), Kyriakidis, M. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)The topic of transitions in automated driving is becoming important now that cars are automated to ever greater extents. This paper proposes a theoretical framework to support and align human factors research on transitions in automated driving. Driving states are defined based on the allocation of primary driving tasks (i.e., lateral control,...journal article 2016
- document
-
Cabrall, C.D.D. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Objective<br/>This review aimed to characterize tasks applied in driving research, in terms of instructions/conditions, signal types/rates, and component features in comparison to the classic vigilance literature.<br/><br/>Background<br/>Driver state monitoring is facing increased attention with evolving vehicle automation, and real-time...journal article 2016
- document
-
van Leeuwen, P.M. (author), Landman, Renske (author), Buning, Lejo (author), Heffelaar, Tobias (author), Hogema, Jeroen (author), van Hemert, J.M. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author)Driver distraction is a leading cause of crashes. The introduction of in-vehicle technology in the last decades has added support to the driving task. However, in-vehicle technologies and handheld electronic devices may also be a threat to driver safety due to information overload and distraction. Adaptive in-vehicle information systems may...conference paper 2016
- document
-
van Leeuwen, P.M. (author), Gómez i Subils, C (author), Ramon Jimenez, A (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Technological developments have led to increased visual fidelity of driving simulators. However, simplified visuals have potential advantages, such as improved experimental control, reduced simulator discomfort and increased generalisability of results. In this driving simulator study, we evaluated the effects of visual fidelity on driving...journal article 2015
- document
-
Kyriakidis, M. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)This study investigated user acceptance, concerns, and willingness to buy partially, highly, and fully automated vehicles. By means of a 63-question Internet-based survey, we collected 5000 responses from 109 countries (40 countries with at least 25 respondents). We determined cross-national differences, and assessed correlations with personal...journal article 2015
- document
-
Manca, L. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author)This paper presents the results of a literature survey on visual displays used in automated driving. We describe six visual display designs: (1) a display with three main components, (2) a bird’s-eye view display, (3) an informative speedometer, (4) a head-up display, (5) eye-catching lights for informing, and (6) eye-catching lights for guiding...conference paper 2015
- document
-
van Leeuwen, P.M. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)Previous research has shown that novice drivers have underdeveloped vehicle control skills and visual search strategies that differ from those of experienced drivers. However, little is known about how novices’ driving performance and gaze behavior jointly change over the course of practice. In this paper, we investigated changes in driving...conference paper 2015
- document
-
Katzourakis, D. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Alirezaei, M. (author), Corno, M. (author), Happee, R. (author)This paper presents a driving simulator experiment, which evaluates a road-departure prevention (RDP) system in an emergency situation. Two levels of automation are evaluated: 1) haptic feedback (HF) where the RDP provides advisory steering torque such that the human and the machine carry out the maneuver cooperatively, and 2) drive by wire (DBW...journal article 2014