Unlined Length Effect on the Tunnel Face Stability and Collapse Mechanisms in c-ϕ Soils: A Numerical Study with Advanced Mesh Adaptive Strategies

This paper presents a stability study on the collapse mechanisms of a plane-strain tunnel face in c-ϕ soils using the upper bound finite element method with rigid translatory moving elements (UBFELA-RTME) and nonlinear programming technique. Practical considerations are given to the unlined length influence behind the tunnel face. An advanced...

Interactions between Diffuse Light and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Canopy Structure, Simulations of Light Interception in Virtual Canopies

Plant photosynthesis and biomass production are associated with the amount of intercepted light, especially the light distribution inside the canopy. Three virtual canopies (n = 80, 3.25 plants/m2) were constructed based on average leaf size of the digitized plant structures: ‘small leaf’ (98.1 cm2), ‘medium leaf’ (163.0 cm2) and ‘big leaf’ (241...

Multi-Source Hydrological Data Products to Monitor High Asian River Basins and Regional Water Security

This project explored the integrated use of satellite, ground observations and hydrological distributed models to support water resources assessment and monitoring in High Mountain Asia (HMA). Hydrological data products were generated taking advantage of the synergies of European and Chinese data assets and space-borne observation systems....

A rapid and high-precision mountain vertex extraction method based on hotspot analysis clustering and improved eight-connected extraction algorithms for digital elevation models

Digital Elevation Model (DEM)-based mountain vertex extraction is one of the most useful DEM applications, providing important information to properly characterize topographic features. Current vertex-extraction techniques have considerable limitations, such as yielding low-accuracy results and generating false mountain vertices. To overcome...

Evolving parsec-scale radio structure in the most distant blazar known

Blazars are a sub-class of quasars with Doppler boosted jets oriented close to the line of sight, and thus efficient probes of supermassive black hole growth and their environment, especially at high redshifts. Here we report on Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations of a blazar J0906 + 6930 at z = 5.47, which enabled the detection of...

The Impact of Gate Recess on the H2 Detection Properties of Pt-AlGaN/GaN HEMT Sensors

The present work reports on the hydrogen gas detection properties of Pt-AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) sensors with recessed gate structure. Devices with gate recess depths from 5 to 15 nm were fabricated using a precision cyclic etching method, examined with AFM, STEM and EDS, and tested towards H 2 response at high...

The Impact of Gate Recess on the H₂ Detection Properties of Pt-AlGaN/GaN HEMT Sensors

The present work reports on the hydrogen gas detection properties of Pt-AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) sensors with recessed gate structure. Devices with gate recess depths from 5 to 15 nm were fabricated using a precision cyclic etching method, examined with AFM, STEM and EDS, and tested towards H2 response at high...

Urban travel time reliability at different traffic conditions

The decision making of travelers for route choice and departure time choice depends on the expected travel time and its reliability. A common understanding of reliability is that it is related to several statistical properties of the travel time distribution, especially to the standard deviation of the travel time and also to the skewness....