Integrated CMOS Current Sensing Systems for Coulomb Counters

Coulomb counting is a widely used method to estimate battery state-of-charge (SoC). It involves measuring and integrating the battery’s current to determine its net charge flow.

A ± 12-A High-Side Current Sensor With 25 V Input CM Range and 0.35% Gain Error From −40 °C to 85 °C

This letter presents the most accurate shunt-based high-side current sensor ever reported. It achieves a 25 V input common-mode range from a single 1.8-V supply by using a beyond-the-rails ADC. A hybrid analog/digital temperature compensation scheme is proposed to simplify the circuit implementation while maintaining the state-of-the-art...

A Resistor-Based Temperature Sensor With a 0.13 pJ·K² Resolution FoM

This paper describes a high-resolution energy-efficient CMOS temperature sensor, intended for the temperature compensation of MEMS/quartz frequency references. The sensor is based on silicided poly-silicon thermistors, which are embedded in a Wien-bridge RC filter. When driven at a fixed frequency, the filter exhibits a temperature-dependent...

A Resistor-Based Temperature Sensor with a 0.13pJ·K2 Resolution FOM

Temperature sensors are often used for the temperature compensation of frequency references [1-5]. High resolution and energy efficiency are then critical requirements, the former to minimize jitter and the latter to minimize power dissipation in a given conversion time. A MEMS-resonator-based sensor meets both criteria [1], but requires two...

A ±36-A Integrated Current-Sensing System with a 0.3% Gain Error and a 400-μA Offset From-55 °c to +85 °c

This paper presents an integrated shunt-based current-sensing system (CSS) capable of handling ±36-A currents, the highest ever reported. It also achieves a 0.3% gain error and a 400-μA offset, which is significantly better than the state-of-the-art systems. The heart of the system is a robust 260-μ Ω shunt resistor made from the lead frame...

A BJT-Based Temperature-to-Digital Converter with ±60 mK (3 σ) Inaccuracy From-55 °c to +125 °c in 0.16-μm CMOS

This paper presents a precision CMOS temperature-to-digital converter (TDC), which senses the temperature-dependent base-emitter voltage of substrate PNPs. Measurements on 20 samples from one batch show that it achieves an inaccuracy of ±60 mK (3σ) from-55 °C to +125 °C, after a single room-temperature trim. This state-of-the-art result is...

A ±5A Integrated Current-Sensing System With ±0.3% Gain Error and 16 μA Offset From −55°C to +85°C

This paper presents an integrated current-sensing system (CSS) that is intended for the use in battery-powered devices. It consists of a 10 mΩ on-chip metal shunt resistor, a switched-capacitor (SC) ΔΣ ADC, and a dynamic bandgap reference (BGR) that provides the ADC's reference voltage and also senses the shunt's temperature. The CSS is realized...