Current models to understand the onset and progression of scoliotic deformities in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review

Purpose: To create an updated and comprehensive overview of the modeling studies that have been done to understand the mechanics underlying deformities of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), to predict the risk of curve progression and thereby substantiate etiopathogenetic theories. Methods: In this systematic review, an online search in...

Effects of Desk-Bike Cycling on Phonological Working Memory Performance in Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

We investigated the effects of active workstations on cognitive control functions in individuals diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In a fully counterbalanced randomized control design, we examined the effects of cycling on a desk bike on phonological working memory (WM) in 18 adolescents with ADHD. Adolescents...

Next-generation prognosis framework for pediatric spinal deformities using bio-informed deep learning networks

Predicting pediatric spinal deformity (PSD) from X-ray images collected on the patient’s initial visit is a challenging task. This work builds on our previous method and provides a novel bio-informed framework based on a mechanistic machine learning technique with dynamic patient-specific parameters to predict PSD. We provide a geometry-based...

Requirements for Location-based Games for Social Interaction

Social interaction is part of the fabric of society and is essential to challenge many types of social barriers. Location-based games (LBGs) provide a means to foster such interaction in local communities. The design of such games is currently based primarily on designer experience and on the literature on game design in general, and not on...

Normative data for handgrip strength in Iranian healthy children and adolescents aged 7–18 years: comparison with international norms

Background: Grip strength is an essential component of physical fitness. The objective of this study was to develop normative handgrip strength data for Iranian healthy boys and girls comparing their handgrip strength with international reference values. Methods: Handgrip strength was measured in 2637 healthy children/adolescents (1391 boys...

Image-based modelling for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Mechanistic machine learning analysis and prediction

Scoliosis, an abnormal curvature of the human spinal column, is characterized by a lateral deviation of the spine, accompanied by axial rotation of the vertebrae. Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is the most common type, affecting children between ages 8 to 18 when bone growth is at its maximum rate. We propose a mechanistic machine...

Engagement in violations among young moped riders – Using a qualitative approach to reveal underlying beliefs

Introduction: Moped riders have a comparably high risk of getting seriously injured or killed in road traffic crashes. The moped is the first motor vehicle legally available to adolescents, but knowledge about young moped riders is limited. The few existing studies indicate that violations are a key factor in crash involvement. Method: Using...

Designing sexuality and intimacy care for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer

Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs) with Cancer are making the transition from childhood to adulthood while handling the burden of cancer. During this extraordinarily challenging time in their growth and development, sexuality and intimacy, an important aspect of AYAs’ wellbeing, are often insufficiently addressed by the healthcare providers,...

The Great British Sorting Machine: Adolescents’ future in the balance of family, school and the neighborhood

Research calls attention to the divergent school and labor market trajectories of<br/>Europe’s youth while, across the Atlantic, researchers describe the long-lasting<br/>consequences of poverty on adolescent development. In this paper we incorporate both processes to shed a new light on a classic concern in the sociology of stratification: how...

The Temporal Dynamics of Neighborhood Disadvantage in Childhood and Subsequent Problem Behavior in Adolescence

Research on neighborhood effects has increasingly focused on how long children have lived in a deprived neighborhood during childhood (duration), but has typically ignored when in childhood the exposure occurred (timing) and whether circumstances were improving or deteriorating (sequencing). Using Dutch register data, we applied sequence...

The Temporal Dynamics of Neighborhood Disadvantage in Childhood and Subsequent Problem Behavior in Adolescence

Research on neighborhood effects has increasingly focused on how long children have lived in a deprived neighborhood during childhood (duration), but has typically ignored when in childhood the exposure occurred (timing) and whether neighborhood circumstances were improving or deteriorating (sequencing). In this article, the authors applied...

The interaction between school poverty and agreeableness in predicting educational attainment

This study examined the relation between school poverty and educational attainment of adolescents, and tested whether personality trait agreeableness moderated this link. The sample consisted of 4236 adolescents, whose math abilities were assessed twice, at ages around 13/14 and 15/16. Agreeableness was assessed at age 13. School poverty was...

Sex differences in longitudinal pathways from parenting to delinquency

In the current study, we examined longitudinally whether boys and girls differed in pathways from parenting to delinquency. Longitudinal mediational models were tested for boys and girls separately in which three parenting dimensions (i.e., monitoring, limit setting, and the quality of the parent-adolescent relationship) were hypothesized to...

Being Poorer Than the Rest of the Neighborhood: Relative Deprivation and Problem Behavior of Youth

According to the neighborhood effects hypothesis, there is a negative relation between neighborhood wealth and youth’s problem behavior. It is often assumed that there are more problems in deprived neighborhoods, but there are also reports of higher rates of behavioral problems in more affluent neighborhoods. Much of this literature does not...

Neighbourhood Poverty, Work Commitment and Unemployment in Early Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study into the Moderating Effect of Personality

We studied how personality moderates the effect of neighbourhood disadvantage on work commitment and unemployment in early adulthood. Using a personality typology of resilients, overcontrollers, and undercontrollers, we hypothesised that the association between neighbourhood poverty and both work commitment and unemployment would be stronger for...

Being poorer than the rest of the neighbourhood: Relative deprivation and problem behaviour of youth

According to the neighbourhood effects hypothesis, there is a negative relation between neighbourhood wealth and youths’ problem behaviour. It is often assumed that there are more problems in deprived neighbourhoods, but there are also reports of higher rates of behavioural problems in more affluent neighbourhoods. Much of this literature does...

Neighbourhood immigrant concentration effects on migrant and native youth’s educational commitments, an enquiry into personality differences

In the literature examining neighbourhood effects on educational outcomes, the socialisation mechanism is usually investigated by looking at the association between neighbourhood characteristics and educational attainment. The step in between, that adolescents actually internalise educational norms held by residents, is often assumed. We attempt...