Will SiOx-pinholes for SiOx/poly-Si passivating contact enhance the passivation quality?

Passivating contacts based on poly-Si have enabled record-high c-Si solar cell efficiencies due to their excellent surface passivation quality and carrier selectivity. The eventual existence of pinholes within the ultra-thin SiOx layer is one of the key factors for carrier collection, beside the tunneling mechanism. However, pinholes are usually...

Characterizing CO2 Reduction Catalysts on Gas Diffusion Electrodes: Comparing Activity, Selectivity, and Stability of Transition Metal Catalysts

Continued advancements in the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 (CO 2RR) have emphasized that reactivity,selectivity, and stability are not explicit material properties butcombined effects of the catalyst, double-layer, reaction environ-<br/>ment, and system configuration. These realizations have steadily built upon the foundational work...

Interactions between Diffuse Light and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Canopy Structure, Simulations of Light Interception in Virtual Canopies

Plant photosynthesis and biomass production are associated with the amount of intercepted light, especially the light distribution inside the canopy. Three virtual canopies (n = 80, 3.25 plants/m2) were constructed based on average leaf size of the digitized plant structures: ‘small leaf’ (98.1 cm2), ‘medium leaf’ (163.0 cm2) and ‘big leaf’ (241...

Modified Voronoi Analysis of Spontaneous Formation of Interfacial Droplets on Immersed Oil-Solid Substrates

The nucleation and growth of liquid droplets on solid substrates have received much attention because of the significant relevance of these multiphase processes to both nature and practical applications. There have been extensive studies on the condensation of water from the air phase on solid substrates. Here, we focus on water diffusion...

Dependence of unsaturated chloride diffusion on the pore structure in cementitious materials

Conceptual analysis is performed to examine the effects of pore features on the water continuity in unsaturated porous systems. The roles of pore features in relative chloride diffusion coefficient (D_rc) of mortar specimens at various degrees of water saturation (S_w) were studied based on mercury intrusion porosimetry...

Dynamic information flow based on EEG and diffusion MRI in stroke: A proof-of-principle study

In hemiparetic stroke, functional recovery of paretic limb may occur with the reorganization of neural networks in the brain. Neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have a high spatial resolution which can be used to reveal anatomical changes in the brain following a stroke. However, low temporal resolution of MRI...

Analysis of Diffusion MRI: Disentangling the Entangled Brain

The white matter of the brain contains all the connections between different parts of the grey matter. Many diseases especially affect the brain’s white matter. For instance, the white matter tracts are destroyed in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Accordingly, there is a large interest in features of the white matter to...

Advances in chloride diffusion of concrete exposed to marine field environment

For elaborating the research significance, goal, content and representative results of the concrete marine field exposure experiments all over the world, we have collected a large number of research literature since 1905. The longest exposure test for concrete has reached 62 years and, most importantly, concrete exposure experiments have made...