As climate change and resource shortages increasingly threaten our planet, the built environment sector is under scrutiny due to its significant contribution to carbon emissions and global raw resource extraction. A transition towards a circular economy, replacing the prevailing "take-make-dispose" model, is crucial. This research explores the concept of Product-Service Systems (PSS) in the built environment, wherein products are provided as services, thereby increasing supplier responsibility and closing the resource loop.
This study answers the research question: "How can Product-Service Systems (PSS) be applied in the built environment and expanded to their fullest potential?" It delves into the various characteristics and properties of products within PSS and factors influencing these systems. Furthermore, it analyses the roles of different stakeholders within the circular chain of PSS, current implementation of PSS in the built environment, and future possibilities.
Adopting a qualitative research method, the study begins with an extensive literature review to provide an overview of current concepts and existing PSS models. This review forms a basis for identifying critical properties and characteristics necessary for successful PSS implementation. In-depth interviews with experts further provide insights into potential new opportunities for PSS in the built environment.
The research highlights the modularity, environmental sustainability, and economic viability of various building products, ranging from windows and doors to smart building technologies. A comprehensive table analysis reveals the potential for PSS implementation and the degree of circularity for these products. This research contributes to the field by presenting new possibilities for expanding PSS in the built environment. It emphasizes the need for pilot projects to better match practice with literature, increase the understanding of individual products, and uncover currently unknown factors. By enhancing our knowledge of PSS, this study propels us one step closer to achieving a circular economy in the built environment.