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M. Fardelli
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Due to climate change, heatwaves have increased their frequency, intensity and extent. In particular, in cities the phenomena is exacerbated due to the urban heat island effect. More than half of the global population lives in urban areas. As a result, adapting the built environment to these changing climatic conditions is becoming a priority. To address this need, the present research aims to evaluate how different retrofit strategies influence outdoor and indoor thermal comfort during heatwaves, bridging two aspects which are usually studied separated. The Acquabella district in Milan is used as a case study.
The study includes a review on thermal comfort metrics, followed by an assessment of which metrics are most suitable for comparing outdoor and indoor thermal comfort. An RC thermal model of a facade was developed to identify the parameters who were mainly influencing the heat transfer, which were then used to define the retrofit scenarios to be tested. The scenario considered include two different aspect ratios, cool facades, external and internal insulation, and their combinations. The outdoor microclimate was simulated with Envi-met, while indoor thermal conditions with EnergyPlus. The outputs from Envi-met were used as boundary conditions for EnergyPlus.
The simulations outcomes revealed a strong correlation between the buildings and street geometry and the varying impact of facade retrofitting on outdoor thermal comfort. Cool facade showed a marked negative effect on outdoor thermal comfort particularly in courtyards, where interreflection phenomena occurred more intensely. Nevertheless, cool facades also achieved the greatest improvement in SET, with a reduction of about 0.25°C. Across all scenarios, the wider street canyon consistently gave a better performance. While most existing studies focus exclusively on either the indoor or outdoor effects of facade retrofitting, the findings of the present study demonstrate the importance of assessing both, as interventions on the facade affect the two environments simultaneously and, in some cases, in contrasting ways. ...
The study includes a review on thermal comfort metrics, followed by an assessment of which metrics are most suitable for comparing outdoor and indoor thermal comfort. An RC thermal model of a facade was developed to identify the parameters who were mainly influencing the heat transfer, which were then used to define the retrofit scenarios to be tested. The scenario considered include two different aspect ratios, cool facades, external and internal insulation, and their combinations. The outdoor microclimate was simulated with Envi-met, while indoor thermal conditions with EnergyPlus. The outputs from Envi-met were used as boundary conditions for EnergyPlus.
The simulations outcomes revealed a strong correlation between the buildings and street geometry and the varying impact of facade retrofitting on outdoor thermal comfort. Cool facade showed a marked negative effect on outdoor thermal comfort particularly in courtyards, where interreflection phenomena occurred more intensely. Nevertheless, cool facades also achieved the greatest improvement in SET, with a reduction of about 0.25°C. Across all scenarios, the wider street canyon consistently gave a better performance. While most existing studies focus exclusively on either the indoor or outdoor effects of facade retrofitting, the findings of the present study demonstrate the importance of assessing both, as interventions on the facade affect the two environments simultaneously and, in some cases, in contrasting ways. ...
Due to climate change, heatwaves have increased their frequency, intensity and extent. In particular, in cities the phenomena is exacerbated due to the urban heat island effect. More than half of the global population lives in urban areas. As a result, adapting the built environment to these changing climatic conditions is becoming a priority. To address this need, the present research aims to evaluate how different retrofit strategies influence outdoor and indoor thermal comfort during heatwaves, bridging two aspects which are usually studied separated. The Acquabella district in Milan is used as a case study.
The study includes a review on thermal comfort metrics, followed by an assessment of which metrics are most suitable for comparing outdoor and indoor thermal comfort. An RC thermal model of a facade was developed to identify the parameters who were mainly influencing the heat transfer, which were then used to define the retrofit scenarios to be tested. The scenario considered include two different aspect ratios, cool facades, external and internal insulation, and their combinations. The outdoor microclimate was simulated with Envi-met, while indoor thermal conditions with EnergyPlus. The outputs from Envi-met were used as boundary conditions for EnergyPlus.
The simulations outcomes revealed a strong correlation between the buildings and street geometry and the varying impact of facade retrofitting on outdoor thermal comfort. Cool facade showed a marked negative effect on outdoor thermal comfort particularly in courtyards, where interreflection phenomena occurred more intensely. Nevertheless, cool facades also achieved the greatest improvement in SET, with a reduction of about 0.25°C. Across all scenarios, the wider street canyon consistently gave a better performance. While most existing studies focus exclusively on either the indoor or outdoor effects of facade retrofitting, the findings of the present study demonstrate the importance of assessing both, as interventions on the facade affect the two environments simultaneously and, in some cases, in contrasting ways.
The study includes a review on thermal comfort metrics, followed by an assessment of which metrics are most suitable for comparing outdoor and indoor thermal comfort. An RC thermal model of a facade was developed to identify the parameters who were mainly influencing the heat transfer, which were then used to define the retrofit scenarios to be tested. The scenario considered include two different aspect ratios, cool facades, external and internal insulation, and their combinations. The outdoor microclimate was simulated with Envi-met, while indoor thermal conditions with EnergyPlus. The outputs from Envi-met were used as boundary conditions for EnergyPlus.
The simulations outcomes revealed a strong correlation between the buildings and street geometry and the varying impact of facade retrofitting on outdoor thermal comfort. Cool facade showed a marked negative effect on outdoor thermal comfort particularly in courtyards, where interreflection phenomena occurred more intensely. Nevertheless, cool facades also achieved the greatest improvement in SET, with a reduction of about 0.25°C. Across all scenarios, the wider street canyon consistently gave a better performance. While most existing studies focus exclusively on either the indoor or outdoor effects of facade retrofitting, the findings of the present study demonstrate the importance of assessing both, as interventions on the facade affect the two environments simultaneously and, in some cases, in contrasting ways.
Student report
(2024)
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M. Fardelli, K. Gatt, S. Piagnani, F. Raimondi, J.I. van Witzenburg, B.W.C. Voogt, Dr. Florentia Kavoura, Matias Goyeneche, M.Z. Voorendt, Pablo Arecco, M.D.M. Palmeros Parada, P.C. Meijers
This design report outlines a preliminary masterplan for developing a sustainable village in Patagonia, Argentina, addressing the unique challenges of remote living within a sensitive natural landscape. The project centres on creating a resilient, socially sustainable community that coexists harmoniously with its environment. A key objective is to assess multiple sustainable options for essential infrastructure, encompassing energy supply, accessibility, water and wastewater management, and other critical systems.
The report begins with an exploration of the site’s distinctive environmental conditions, informed by a two-week site visit, as well as an analysis of key stakeholders, including residents, tourists, and potential investors. This groundwork establishes both community needs and environmental constraints, forming the guiding principles for the design. The preliminary masterplan then proposes practical solutions to meet these requirements, including infrastructure development such as jetties for enhanced accessibility, a hybrid renewable energy system to support off-grid living, and water and waste management systems that minimise ecological impact.
The proposed design is evaluated for economic feasibility, ensuring the village can support sustainable eco-tourism and community growth over the long term. This project could be used as an example for future developments in rural areas by prioritising sustainability for all social, environmental and economic aspects. This preliminary masterplan aims to contribute to ongoing research on environmentally conscious and socially inclusive development in challenging environments. ...
The report begins with an exploration of the site’s distinctive environmental conditions, informed by a two-week site visit, as well as an analysis of key stakeholders, including residents, tourists, and potential investors. This groundwork establishes both community needs and environmental constraints, forming the guiding principles for the design. The preliminary masterplan then proposes practical solutions to meet these requirements, including infrastructure development such as jetties for enhanced accessibility, a hybrid renewable energy system to support off-grid living, and water and waste management systems that minimise ecological impact.
The proposed design is evaluated for economic feasibility, ensuring the village can support sustainable eco-tourism and community growth over the long term. This project could be used as an example for future developments in rural areas by prioritising sustainability for all social, environmental and economic aspects. This preliminary masterplan aims to contribute to ongoing research on environmentally conscious and socially inclusive development in challenging environments. ...
This design report outlines a preliminary masterplan for developing a sustainable village in Patagonia, Argentina, addressing the unique challenges of remote living within a sensitive natural landscape. The project centres on creating a resilient, socially sustainable community that coexists harmoniously with its environment. A key objective is to assess multiple sustainable options for essential infrastructure, encompassing energy supply, accessibility, water and wastewater management, and other critical systems.
The report begins with an exploration of the site’s distinctive environmental conditions, informed by a two-week site visit, as well as an analysis of key stakeholders, including residents, tourists, and potential investors. This groundwork establishes both community needs and environmental constraints, forming the guiding principles for the design. The preliminary masterplan then proposes practical solutions to meet these requirements, including infrastructure development such as jetties for enhanced accessibility, a hybrid renewable energy system to support off-grid living, and water and waste management systems that minimise ecological impact.
The proposed design is evaluated for economic feasibility, ensuring the village can support sustainable eco-tourism and community growth over the long term. This project could be used as an example for future developments in rural areas by prioritising sustainability for all social, environmental and economic aspects. This preliminary masterplan aims to contribute to ongoing research on environmentally conscious and socially inclusive development in challenging environments.
The report begins with an exploration of the site’s distinctive environmental conditions, informed by a two-week site visit, as well as an analysis of key stakeholders, including residents, tourists, and potential investors. This groundwork establishes both community needs and environmental constraints, forming the guiding principles for the design. The preliminary masterplan then proposes practical solutions to meet these requirements, including infrastructure development such as jetties for enhanced accessibility, a hybrid renewable energy system to support off-grid living, and water and waste management systems that minimise ecological impact.
The proposed design is evaluated for economic feasibility, ensuring the village can support sustainable eco-tourism and community growth over the long term. This project could be used as an example for future developments in rural areas by prioritising sustainability for all social, environmental and economic aspects. This preliminary masterplan aims to contribute to ongoing research on environmentally conscious and socially inclusive development in challenging environments.