The mechanical impedance is a measure of the ability of a structure to resist motion when subjected to a given force. It has been considered related with tyre-road noise level of road surface. However, this parameter is seldom used to characterize mixtures in asphalt mixture design. In this study, the relationship between the mechanical impedance and the pavement stiffness is investigated based on laboratory and in-situ measurements. Mechanical impedance is tested by an impedance hammer device, while the stiffness is measured by the indirect tension test (ITT) method. Different types of road surfaces are taken into account, including thin layer noise reducing surfacing, dense surface and poro-elastic road surface. The influences of mixture compositions on mechanical impedance and stiffness are discussed. Statistical relationship between the stiffness and the mechanical impedance is developed based on the measurement results. Advices for noise reducing road surface design by considering mechanical impedance are given according to the research findings.