The manufacturing industry is rapidly changing, creating a growing demand for more intelligent and adaptive systems. With recent developments in artificial intelligence, especially with the onset of large language models (LLMs)Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, new opportunities have emerged for companies to increase their productivity and maximize revenue. In a competitive environment, businesses must constantly innovate to stay ahead. To support innovative and competitive organizations, LLMs can analyze large amounts of data to identify trends and optimize processes. In addition, the industry faces a labor shortage, particularly in roles that require specialized skills. LLMs can fill this gap by providing real-time assistance and training. This knowledge transfer could help less experienced workers perform their tasks more effectively. Regulatory compliance is increasingly imperative in manufacturing, and LLMs can help ensure adherence to safetySafety in manufacturing standards and regulatory requirements. LLMs can address these and other challenges by using their capabilities in data processing, natural language understanding, and predictive analytics. In this chapter, we explain the fundamental concepts behind LLM techniques and how to use them in a smart manufacturing environment such as Industry X.0Industry X.0. We discuss the challenges and future trends of LLMs in different industrial fields. We also highlight the need for LLM frameworks that can guarantee data privacy, security, and ethical usage.

PrognosticsAircraft Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) is a multidisciplinary framework that provides vital information to operators to ensure maximum system uptime and system safety. It does this by estimating the current and future condition (health) of engineering systems and providing decision support. In recent years, PHM has evolved from being a post hoc maintenance support tool to an essential system that should be integrated throughout all stages of the equipment lifecycle. This chapter describes the essential steps of how PHM can be used in the design and manufacturing of future aircraft. There are many benefits in adopting and evaluating PHM in the design stage. This includes a system that is ultimately easier to monitor and maintain, has better logistics, has reduced overall costs, and has less unplanned downtime. As such, it is argued here that PHM should be designed together with the aircraft. Therefore, this chapter proposes a methodology that includes PHM considerations at all stages of aircraft design. By promoting the integration of these disciplines − PHM, engineering design and manufacturing −, we hope to contribute to more reliable and safe aircraft that can achieve more cost-effective operations and a more sustainable future.