This graduation project explores how timber facades can be designed to last longer in a sustainable, environmentally responsible manner. Focusing on European wood species, the research addresses the challenges of using untreated timber in exterior applications without relying on harmful chemical treatments. Through a combination of material studies, environmental analysis, and architectural detailing, the project identifies strategies to enhance durability—including the use of naturally durable species, smart overhang design, and selective cladding systems.

The findings were applied in the architectural design of a residential extension atop an existing low-rise structure—an urban densification method known as optoppen. By reusing existing materials and optimizing new timber components, the design reflects a commitment to circularity and material efficiency. Overhangs vary according to orientation and climate exposure, while demountable cladding elements allow for selective replacement, reducing waste over the building’s lifespan.

This project positions untreated timber as a viable material for contemporary facade design by demonstrating how thoughtful architectural strategies can extend its lifespan. It contributes to the discourse on sustainable material use, climate-adaptive architecture, and circular construction within the context of urban transformation.

This thesis conducts a comparative analysis of Michelangelo and Bernini's sculptures, urban planning works, and architectural works. Contrasts emerge in their interpretations: Michelangelo's David embodies Renaissance ideals of perfection, while Bernini’s David exudes baroque dynamism. Both artists drew inspiration from Greek sculptures; Michelangelo idealized the human form, while Bernini embraced emotion and movement. The urban plans reveal similar symmetries but differing spatial philosophies: Michelangelo's enclosed Piazza del Campidoglio versus Bernini’s inviting St. Peters Square. In the architectural works, Michelangelo’s Sforza Chapel which has a sense of serenity, contrasts with Bernini’s narrative-rich ornamentation. Michelangelo's shift towards dynamic expression, influenced by discoveries like the Laocoön group, paved the way for Bernini's further exploration of Baroque aesthetics. This analysis illuminates their distinct contributions within Renaissance and Baroque art and architecture.