Dysarthric speech poses significant challenges for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems due to its high variability and reduced intelligibility. In this work we explore the use of diffusion models for dysarthric speech enhancement, which is based on the hypothesis that using diffusion-based speech enhancement moves the distribution of dysarthric speech closer to that of typical speech, which could potentially improve dysarthric speech recognition performance. We assess the effect of two diffusion-based and one signal-processing-based speech enhancement algorithms on intelligibility and speech quality of two English dysarthric speech corpora. We applied speech enhancement to both typical and dysarthric speech and evaluate the ASR performance using Whisper-Turbo, and the subjective and objective speech quality of the original and enhanced dysarthric speech. We also fine-tuned Whisper-Turbo on the enhanced speech to assess its impact on recognition performance.

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) open avenues for communication among individuals unable to use voice or gestures. Silent speech interfaces are one such approach for BCIs that could offer a transformative means of connecting with the external world. Performance on imagined speech decoding however is rather low due to, amongst others, data scarcity and the lack of a clear starting and end point of the imagined speech in the brain signal. We investigate whether using electroencephalography (EEG) signals from articulated speech can be used to improve imagined speech decoding in two ways: we investigate whether articulated speech EEG signals can be used to predict the end point of the imagined speech and use the articulated speech EEG as extra training data for speaker-independent imagined vowel classification. Our results show that using EEG data from articulated speech did not improve classification of vowels in imagined speech, probably due to high variability in EEG signals amongst speakers.

In the diverse and multilingual land of India, Hindi is spoken as a first language by a majority of its population. Efforts are made to obtain data in terms of audio, transcriptions, dictionary, etc. to develop speech-technology applications in Hindi. Similarly, the Gram-Vaani ASR Challenge 2022 provides spontaneous telephone speech, with natural back-ground and regional variations in Hindi. The challenge provides: 100 hours of labeled train-set, 5 hours of labeled dev-set and 1000 hours of unlabeled data-set. For the 'Closed Challenge', we trained an End-to-End (E2E) Conformer model using speed perturbations, SpecAugment techniques and use VTLN to handle any unknown speaker groups in the blind evaluation set. On the dev-set, we achieved a 30.3% WER compared to the 34.8% WER by the Challenge E2E baseline. For the 'Self Supervised Closed Challenge', a semi-supervised learning approach is used. We generate pseudo-transcripts for the unlabeled data using a hybrid TDNN-3gram LM model and trained an E2E model. This is then used as a seed for retraining the E2E model with high confidence data. Cross-model learning and refining of the E2E model gave 25.3% WER on the dev-set compared to ∼33-35% WER by the Challenge baseline that use wav2vec models.

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have seen substantial improvements in the past decade; however, not for all speaker groups. Recent research shows that bias exists against different types of speech, including non-native accents, in state-of-the-art (SOTA) ASR systems. To attain inclusive speech recognition, i.e., ASR for everyone irrespective of how one speaks or the accent one has, bias mitigation is necessary. Here we focus on bias mitigation against non-native accents using two different approaches: data augmentation and by using more effective training methods. We used an autoencoder-based cross-lingual voice conversion (VC) model to increase the amount of non-native accented speech training data in addition to data augmentation through speed perturbation. Moreover, we investigate two training methods, i.e., fine-tuning and domain adversarial training (DAT), to see whether they can use the limited non-native accented speech data more effectively than a standard training approach. Experimental results show that VC-based data augmentation successfully mitigates the bias against non-native accents for the SOTA end-to-end (E2E) Dutch ASR system. Combining VC and speed perturbed data gave the lowest word error rate (WER) and the smallest bias against nonnative accents. Fine-tuning and DAT reduced the bias against non-native accents but at the cost of native performance.