This thesis presents two submodules which are part of 'an FM Chirp Waveform Generator and Detector for Radar', namely the mixer and the modulator. The goal of this project is to design and simulate these submodules from an educational perspective. The modulator is implemented as a single-ended common-base Colpitts oscillator with modulation capabilities added by means of varactor diodes. The carrier frequency of the presented modulator is tunable from 88 MHz to 108 MHz and the achieved modulation linearity for a sawtooth baseband signal is approximately 34 dB over the tuning range. The presented mixer consist of a double-balanced Gilbert-type topology with 29.5 dB (tunable) gain, 23 mW power consumption, high Input-Output isolation and single-ended output achieved by means of an active load. The project was carried out in the scope of the bachelor graduation project in the bachelor of electrical engineering at the Delft University of Technology.

The work presented in this thesis investigates the creation of virtual sound sources in a room equipped with a limited number of loudspeakers. This limited number of loudspeakers is typical for consumer loudspeaker systems. Ideally, these systems can provide a listening experience in which localisation cues are completely present. However, in current systems, this is not the case. The limited number of loudspeakers make it impractical to produce a physically accurate sound field. A possible solution is to create a perceptually accurate sound field instead. In this work, a step towards an algorithm which can do so is presented. The developed algorithm requires knowledge of the listener placement, the room, and the loudspeaker placement. Spatial weighting is used to construct a region in which the acoustic en-ergy should be large and a region in which the acoustic energy should be limited. The loudspeaker playback signals are obtained by maximising the energy ratio between these regions, while at the same time ensuring that the perceptual difference between the received audio and reference audio remains limited. The algorithm employs a convex optimisation problem to facilitate efficiently solving for the playback signals. Concretely, six convex optimisation problems are proposed with somewhat increasing complexity and different weighting matrices. For each of the optimisation problems, the proposed algorithm is compared against a simple amplitude panning algorithm and a nearest neighbour algorithm. It is found that none of the considered algorithms is clearly preferred over the others in terms of the considered evaluation metrics. A major limitation of the presented work is that the evaluation metrics do not explicitly test for localisation accuracy. In future work, this should be investigated by including subjective tests.