The rapid advancement of quantum computing and communication (QCC) technologies promises transformative benefits for companies, yet also poses ethical and societal challenges reminiscent of historical technological introductions. This study addresses the Collingridge Dilemma, which posits that controlling technology becomes increasingly difficult as it matures, while knowledge about the impacts is absent at the beginning. Through a systematic literature review and expert interviews, this research investigates the negative societal impacts of QCC. While existing literature predominantly focuses on cyber security implications, expert insights reveal a broader spectrum of impacts, including environmental considerations. The study identifies interrelations among impacts and acknowledges their inherent ambiguity. A novel general classification framework is proposed to guide policy and management decisions, leveraging insights from both literature and interviews. Recommendations include prioritising security audits, fostering agility in response to emerging threats, enhancing technological literacy within organisations, and establishing regulatory frameworks. Despite limitations, the study underscores the need for further exploration in this nascent field, offering avenues for future research.

With the growing scale of the IoT, many industries enjoy the benefit of automation. The IoT consists of an interconnected network of devices that sense their surroundings and share data among other IoT devices. However, this data can be sensitive and private in nature, making security within the ever-growing IoT network a high priority. Because of the constrained nature of IoT devices, namely limited computing power, memory and energy, classical cryptographic solutions are not desired. Furthermore, current IoT frameworks are heavily centralised around central servers which can result in single points of failure in the case of DoS attacks. Because of these drawbacks, the emerging blockchain technology is seen as a potential solution to these problems. A blockchain is a distributed ledger that is able to keep an immutable list of transactions occurring in a network. The purpose of this research is to compare blockchain-based frameworks for mitigating DDoS and Sybil attacks in the IoT by comparing proposed blockchain-based frameworks. Qualitative evaluation of proposed frameworks suggests that there are several strategies to improve security within the IoT. Blockchain, in addition to other technologies such as SDN, can provide effective mitigation of DDoS attacks and Sybil attacks. However, there is limited quantitative test data available and further research is required in this novel field of research.