This graduation project contributes to the PACT research project. The PACT (Pure Air for Cities of Things) project aims to develop novel methods and tools for understanding and demonstrating how intelligent things can act in concert with people and connect to existing data and cloud services. In this context, things are connected artefacts that are able to connect to humans and non-humans via internet with data technologies. Therefore, things have a special influence on humans as compared to other artefacts. Currently, things in the city mostly serve as measurers, an added digital layer that is also referred to as the smart city, but what if things get the ability to act upon their own insights? The aim of this graduation project is to identify design qualities for things with this kind of agency to perform appropriately during shared practices with citizens in the urban environment. The theme is Things as Citizens; as things are expected to behave conform the behaviour of a citizen in order to coexist with and to be accepted by citizens. The focus is the notion of co-performance in the smart city: a concept that regards the practices of humans and things with agency to be equally important. A literature review on things and the notion of co-performance as well as practice based research with Dutch citizens: a creative session, contextmapping session and workshop at the yearly event Thingscon, an Internet of Things related conference. The studies showed that a democratic dialogue between citizens and things is needed in order to establish co-performance between both. The design qualities are identified by combining both the literature review and the outcomes of the practice based research into a synthesis. All design qualities are based on values for democratic citizenship: the right of truth, equality, privacy and granted authority. The result is the design qualities model as can be seen at the right. In order to evaluate and validate the design qualities, a concept of things in the city is developed that serves as a demonstrator for the theme Things as Citizens. The concept is designed in the context for air pollution and is a provider and distributor of clean air. The implemented design cues of the concept represent the design qualities model, which is validated by the results of a qualitative study demonstrating to Dutch citizens the interaction with a physical prototype of the concept.

This graduation project explores the influence that the mobihub -a physical space in the neighbourhood that facilitates and promotes shared transport- can have on the neighbourhood. This has been done by making multiple exploratory designs for different locations. The insights from these studies have been combined into a design manual for the implementation and design of a mobihub.

Flying comes with many responsibilities for both the airport and the passenger. One of the responsibilities for the passenger is to be on time at the airport. In case of delays or disruptions, passengers are required to be provided with alternatives to be able to catch their flight on time. The airport is responsible for offering the best services to support the passengers in their journey. This includes the provision of products and services for easy and reliable landside connectivity. The Kiss and Ride at Schiphol faces capacity and congestion problems. These congestions result in an increase of the stress level of the passengers. This thesis proposes the use of a dynamic wayfinding system to ensure that drivers are well-informed about the traffic situation at Schiphol. Subsequently, the signs can be used to redirect the drivers in case of disruptions. The design exists of two parts, the dynamic traffic signs and the sensors. The sensors measure the number of cars and travel speed of the cars to provide an indication of the congestion level in the respective area. For the placement of signs, several principles are defined, such as the distance, height and frequency. Moreover, the content and dynamic elements of the signs are studied with experts to provide intuitive, compact but impactful information provision. The main benefit of the design is that the operation at Schiphol can take control in case of congestions/contingencies. As a result, unsafe situations can be prevented. Consequently, the insecurity levels of the passengers will be reduced by providing alternative routes.