In 2018, a new standard was released for daylight in buildings: EN 17037. This is the first standard for daylight in buildings for Europe. In the Netherlands it will replace the NEN 2057. The determination method for daylight provision for EN 17037 is based on internal illuminance. Additional ambitions for the design quality factors: view, direct sunlight and the prevention of glare have been added to the standard. A sustainable design is all about balancing daylight performance and energy consumption. Large windows will cause the building to overheat and use too much cooling energy. Too small windows will result in low levels of daylight availability and visual comfort. For this reason, it was still unclear whether it is possible to achieve these new recommendations for daylight and at the same time meet the energy requirements for Green building certificates, such as BREEAM and LEED. The main aim of this research was therefore to investigate how much influence the European standard has on the energy consumption of a typical office building and whether the requirements for BREEAM and LEED can still be met. The analysis shows that the European standard has an influence on the daylight and energy credits for BREEAM and LEED. For the daylight credits this standard has a positive influence. For the minimum performance level for daylight provision for the European standard this is not yet enough to meet the requirements for daylight provision for BREEAM and LEED. For BREEAM and LEED, the variants only meet the requirements if the medium and high recommendation levels for the European standard are met. However, the ASE is often too high for a design that meets the high performance level for EN 17037. It should also be taken into account that when a certain performance level for daylight provision has been achieved for the European standard using method 2 (based on internal illuminance per hour for a typical year) this same variant will usually score lower with method 1 (based on daylight factors). The energy consumption goes up when the recommendation level for the European standard is higher. When comparing the average energy consumption of variants with the minimum performance level for the European norm with the high performance level, the total energy consumption goes up 8.33 kWh/m2 . These values can be higher or lower with different orientations. To reduce the negative impact of the European standard on BREEAM and LEED, certain parameters for the design can be chosen differently. The most important parameters for meeting the high-performance level and minimizing primary fossil energy consumption is the window-to-wall ratio and width/depth ratio. To find a balance between daylight and energy consumption, the optimal width/depth ratio is between 1.33 and 0.75. The optimum window-to-wall ratio is between 40% and 60%. To reduce the cooling consumption and ASE even more, designers can consider the introduction of overhangs in the façade, or other interventions that reduce the window SHGC.

The museum Boijmans van Beuningen in Rotterdam is currently closed for restoration. The architect Van der Steur made an extensive study of lighting in museum rooms (1930). This resulted in a pitched roof with glass and a layer of horizontal glass panes (legramen) that form the ceiling of the exhibition rooms. Below the glass panes timber blades (schoepen) are placed under an angle to disperse the light. The museum board wants to preserve the vision on daylight of Van der Steur and is now considering options for sun shading above the ceiling. This addition will allow them to better control the illumination in the museum and protect the artwork. This Master thesis describes a method to assess the daylight exposure in the museum Boijmans van Beuningen. It can be used for a combined lighting design (daylight and artificial). The purpose of the method is to compare different sun shading solutions and their effects on the illuminance. A toolbox is made that can be used on other museums. The method starts with a 3D model of one of the museum rooms. Alterations had to be made to accommodate the temporary renovation state. For the validation of the model, HDR images were made on-site. These results were compared with the calculation made with the 3D model. Iteratively the best possible fit was made. With the validated model an hourly daylight simulation was done using the EPW climate-based weather data. The resulting illuminance exceeded the desired level at several points in time. Three different types of sunscreens were chosen. These were schematised as a continuous layer on top of the legramen. Based on the behaviour of the sun shading on three specific days, a daylight factor of 2% was found between the illuminance on the wall and the outside illuminance. With this relation and the EPW weather data the desired sun shading states for an entire year are predicted. A control mechanism is designed for the opening and closing of the sun shading based on local measurements. When the sun shading state changes, the illuminance can fall below the desired level of 125 lx. In that case, additional artificial lighting is needed. The calculations show that over an entire year, the total exposure is 469.286 lx·hr, this is a reduction of 82.2 % compared to the museum without any sun shading. With the developed approach the user can gather building-specific characteristics and geometries, that include some form of ‘device’ that controls the top light entering a room. If the first part of the modelling process is done, and the hourly data is collected, the model behaves within the practically accepted limits that were set. This version can assess what selection of screens is effective, that will reduce the incoming light, without unnecessarily over-reducing it, and so limits the need for additional diffuse artificial lighting.