SL
S.C. Laan
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1
Understanding coastal dynamics at an ebb-tidal delta in the Wadden Sea
A case study of Schiermonnikoog NW with Delft3D Flexible Mesh
Master thesis
(2019)
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Stendert Laan, Zheng Bing Wang, Bram van Prooijen, Arjen Luijendijk, Kees Nederhoff, Robert Zijlstra
Schiermonnikoog is a Dutch barrier island with wide beaches and dunes which are both of importance for recreation as for safety. However, after decades of coastal accretion, in the last years, a strong coastline retreat is observed at the island head in the northwest. In tidal inlets, various forcing conditions of tides, waves, winds and estuarine circulation can all influence the pathways and magnitude of sediment transport. The dominance of any one of these processes can have a controlling influence on the morphology of the delta, inlet and island coast. In the case of Schiermonnikoog it is unclear what drives the recently observed coastal erosion. Therefore, the relation between the ebb-tidal delta development and the coastal transgression has to be studied. With knowledge on the behavior of the system, well-founded decisions can be made about the policy and the management in the area. In this thesis, the newly developed Delft3D Flexible Mesh (FM) modeling suite has been used to set-up and calibrate a morphostatic model. This model consists of the coupled D-Flow FM (Kernkamp et al., 2011) and D-Waves modules (SWAN, Booij et al., 1999), and can adequately hindcast measured water levels, wave heights and the expected sediment transports in the investigated area at Schiermonnikoog. Model uncertainties are overcome by incorporating the entire Dutch Wadden Sea in the model schematization. The unstructured grid allows for a local increase of the resolution in the area of interest. By analyzing the influence of individual physical processes on the system, it is found that wave action is the main driver of the migration of the approaching sand shoal. With the present-day bathymetry, the flood channel in front of the island coast no longer experiences significant tidal currents due to its hydraulic inefficiency. This indicates its upcoming abandonment, which would allow for the attachment of the sand shoal to the island coast. However, wave-driven currents and related sediment transport through the channel obstruct a closure. Similar to the situation at a the neighboring barrier island Ameland in 2014, a divergence point in the channel is visible at the location where the largest waves reach over the approaching sand shoal. The resulting gradient in the wave heights and consequent gradient in the alongshore sediment transport can be linked to the observed coastal erosion. This shows the importance of the shape of the sand shoal for the coastal dynamics in the system. To better understand the final stage before the abandonment of a flood channel, a conceptual model is presented.
...
Schiermonnikoog is a Dutch barrier island with wide beaches and dunes which are both of importance for recreation as for safety. However, after decades of coastal accretion, in the last years, a strong coastline retreat is observed at the island head in the northwest. In tidal inlets, various forcing conditions of tides, waves, winds and estuarine circulation can all influence the pathways and magnitude of sediment transport. The dominance of any one of these processes can have a controlling influence on the morphology of the delta, inlet and island coast. In the case of Schiermonnikoog it is unclear what drives the recently observed coastal erosion. Therefore, the relation between the ebb-tidal delta development and the coastal transgression has to be studied. With knowledge on the behavior of the system, well-founded decisions can be made about the policy and the management in the area. In this thesis, the newly developed Delft3D Flexible Mesh (FM) modeling suite has been used to set-up and calibrate a morphostatic model. This model consists of the coupled D-Flow FM (Kernkamp et al., 2011) and D-Waves modules (SWAN, Booij et al., 1999), and can adequately hindcast measured water levels, wave heights and the expected sediment transports in the investigated area at Schiermonnikoog. Model uncertainties are overcome by incorporating the entire Dutch Wadden Sea in the model schematization. The unstructured grid allows for a local increase of the resolution in the area of interest. By analyzing the influence of individual physical processes on the system, it is found that wave action is the main driver of the migration of the approaching sand shoal. With the present-day bathymetry, the flood channel in front of the island coast no longer experiences significant tidal currents due to its hydraulic inefficiency. This indicates its upcoming abandonment, which would allow for the attachment of the sand shoal to the island coast. However, wave-driven currents and related sediment transport through the channel obstruct a closure. Similar to the situation at a the neighboring barrier island Ameland in 2014, a divergence point in the channel is visible at the location where the largest waves reach over the approaching sand shoal. The resulting gradient in the wave heights and consequent gradient in the alongshore sediment transport can be linked to the observed coastal erosion. This shows the importance of the shape of the sand shoal for the coastal dynamics in the system. To better understand the final stage before the abandonment of a flood channel, a conceptual model is presented.
Student report
(2017)
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Mathijs Mann, Alexander van der Hoek, Stendert Laan, Jing Shi, Yichuan Gong, Jochem Roubos,
Design of a port in Morocco, as part of the design workshop 2017 in Caen, France.
This report includes a design from the new Nador West Med Port near Nador, Morocco. Given requirements are an entrance to the northeast and minimal dredging works to be conducted. A layout of the harbour is made for wave directions during storm from the northeast and northwest. A maximum downtime of the harbour of less than 1% of the year is allowed. The harbour will accommodate smaller vessels, such as ro-ro, general cargo, and container feeders up to larger vessels for bulk transport, crude oil and product tankers, and container mother ships. Structural designs are made for two cross-sections of breakwaters, a rubble mound and a vertical caisson, a mooring structure for tankers with mooring and breasting dolphins, and a typical cross-section of a quay wall.
...
This report includes a design from the new Nador West Med Port near Nador, Morocco. Given requirements are an entrance to the northeast and minimal dredging works to be conducted. A layout of the harbour is made for wave directions during storm from the northeast and northwest. A maximum downtime of the harbour of less than 1% of the year is allowed. The harbour will accommodate smaller vessels, such as ro-ro, general cargo, and container feeders up to larger vessels for bulk transport, crude oil and product tankers, and container mother ships. Structural designs are made for two cross-sections of breakwaters, a rubble mound and a vertical caisson, a mooring structure for tankers with mooring and breasting dolphins, and a typical cross-section of a quay wall.
...
Design of a port in Morocco, as part of the design workshop 2017 in Caen, France.
This report includes a design from the new Nador West Med Port near Nador, Morocco. Given requirements are an entrance to the northeast and minimal dredging works to be conducted. A layout of the harbour is made for wave directions during storm from the northeast and northwest. A maximum downtime of the harbour of less than 1% of the year is allowed. The harbour will accommodate smaller vessels, such as ro-ro, general cargo, and container feeders up to larger vessels for bulk transport, crude oil and product tankers, and container mother ships. Structural designs are made for two cross-sections of breakwaters, a rubble mound and a vertical caisson, a mooring structure for tankers with mooring and breasting dolphins, and a typical cross-section of a quay wall.
This report includes a design from the new Nador West Med Port near Nador, Morocco. Given requirements are an entrance to the northeast and minimal dredging works to be conducted. A layout of the harbour is made for wave directions during storm from the northeast and northwest. A maximum downtime of the harbour of less than 1% of the year is allowed. The harbour will accommodate smaller vessels, such as ro-ro, general cargo, and container feeders up to larger vessels for bulk transport, crude oil and product tankers, and container mother ships. Structural designs are made for two cross-sections of breakwaters, a rubble mound and a vertical caisson, a mooring structure for tankers with mooring and breasting dolphins, and a typical cross-section of a quay wall.