Rapid development in digital technology has brought a new phenomenon of industrial revolution, generally called by Industry 4.0. This revolution introduces modern technologies which support the connectivity of the entire components within the industries. However, connectivity is not the only advantage that will follow – the concerns aim to support sustainability in industry. The United Nation Industrial Development Organization has set the relevancy of Industry 4.0 and sustainability in the global Sustainable Development Goals number 7 and 9 that digital industrial development will support the growth of industrial sustainable energy. Therefore, the implication will surely be affecting every country with different significance, including one of the emerging industry country, Indonesia. In response to that, Indonesia is currently framing the roadmap to enter Industry 4.0 era, Making Indonesia 4.0. Pioneering the academia research of Industry 4.0 in Indonesia, this research aims to figure out the systemic impact of Industry 4.0 technology development and implementation to sustainable energy transition in developing countries, which eventually needs a valid model conceptualization that acts as a standard for further researches. The output of this research is a model conceptual diagram, in a form of causal loop diagram, that would help a better understanding of variables that support the integration of Industry 4.0 and industrial sustainable energy in Indonesia.@en

Over the past few years, the energy usage in the transportation sector understandably has a significant impact on total carbon footprint generated in urban areas. One of the significant contributors comes from logistic sector as 70% of total logistic activity is derived from transportation. Meanwhile, the rise of e-commerce in urban areas has changed the way people buy goods. This result to the higher delivery frequency in urban areas which cause more significant energy consumption and emissions. This paper contributes to the existing literature by proposing model conceptualization that focus to generate basic understanding to the total CO2 emissions generated through urban freight volume that powered by e-commerce growth in Jakarta. This paper uses causal loop diagram as one of the tools in model conceptualization to illustrate the systems in urban logistic. The model will mainly focus on environment and economic aspects of urban logistic.@en

Geothermal is vital for sustainably meeting Indonesia's energy demand, given its estimated massive reserves potential equivalent to 24 GW of electricity. The Indonesian government has set geothermal contributions to the national energy mix at 7,241.5 MW by 2025 and 17,546 MW by 2050, despite harnessing such vast potential needing significant investment. To that goal, the government established a feed-in tariff (FIT) mechanism to encourage private sector investment in geothermal development. However, FIT has undergone significant alterations in a short period. Moreover, various complicating factors—bureaucracy, social, and technical—exist alongside FIT implementation. Therefore, the extent that FIT can effectively enhance geothermal development in Indonesia should be challenged with further investigation. This study explores the efficacy of FIT policies for geothermal electricity by comparing the performance of several FIT schemes in terms of their impact on the government's target achievement. This study combines the policy analysis framework with system dynamics modeling to understand the dynamic interaction of FIT policy and other important components in geothermal development. The findings show that modest bureaucracy and public support are required. Furthermore, to enhance geothermal development more effectively, FIT should be at least 11 cents US$/kWh and accompanied by technical breakthroughs and government-funded exploration activities.@en

Special Economic Zone (SEZ) development is becoming a preferable policy by the Indonesian government to boost economic growth in less-developed local regions. This is because of the promise that SEZ could attract investment and job creation based on local competitive commodities. One of these areas is Bitung SEZ, North Sulawesi - Indonesia, a coastal-based SEZ, as its strategic position for logistics, fishery resources, and coconut plantation. To explore the promise of growth proposed by developing SEZ in Bitung, we developed a Systems Dynamics model of the interaction between economic growth, social development, and environmental impacts. Based on the model understanding and development, we identified three factors the Indonesian government should improve: coconut plantation productivity, fisheries ship management, and education index. With these three factors in mind, several policy options were tested in the model, resulting in a more substantial impact than the business-as-usual condition.@en

A seaport attracts firms to it; such firms are often complementary and find ways to interact with one another, forming port clusters. The growth and decline of these clusters largely depend on government policies. Large port clusters have more economic activity but are also characterized by negative externalities, such as air pollution. This study investigates the dynamics and sustainability of the Tanjung Priok port cluster. System dynamics are used to examine the issue, and port cluster sustainability is assessed by modeling the dynamics of the system over a 20-year timespan. The growth of a port cluster has been found to positively influence the regional economy and the level of employment while also damaging the environment. This study investigates further the impact of an alternative port cluster development program (namely a free trade policy) and shore power system (SPS) program policies on the sustainability of a port cluster. The model indicates that when a free trade policy and an SPS program are implemented in tandem to maximize the economy and reduce environmental damage, they provide additional benefits.@en

Natural gas vehicles (NGV) face significant adoption barriers in Jakarta. Therefore, a successful transition requires measures from the government. Owing to the high cost of transition policies, the efficacy of these policies must be analyzed to identify the most effective policy. The implementation of transition policies, however, could dynamically influence people's perception and behavior, which then changes the landscape of adoption barriers. Furthermore, even a seemingly successful policy may fail when a certain pathway of uncertainties emerges in the future. To address these concerns, we integrated agent-based modeling, exploratory modeling, and diffusion of innovation theory into the exploratory model-based diffusion analysis approach. This approach evaluates the policy's performance, explores changes in the relative importance of different adoption barriers, and identifies policy vulnerabilities, i.e., scenarios leading to policy failures. We tested this approach on four NGV transition policies targeting three adoption barriers. We found that the importance of adoption barriers and the critical uncertainties upon the implemented policies. The social–behavioral barrier predominates under current conditions, whereas the economic factor becomes more relevant when all policies are executed. Understanding the changes in adoption barriers and policy vulnerabilities will help decision-makers to prepare additional measures that ensure a successful transition.@en

The increasing community awareness of environmental and social issues has ushered in demands for biofuel production companies to focus on sustainability, where they are expected to not only focus on economic benefits, but also to be environmentally friendly and socially responsible. These companies rely on supply chains that now must pay attention to economic, environmental, and social aspects to operate sustainable supply chains. Making the right calls in any situation is a necessary capability to generate a cleaner and aware supply chain management system within the company, with less increased risk or reduced profits. To develop these capabilities, practitioners need to understand the complexities of the sustainable supply chain and conceptualize the entirety of the supply chain. The objective of this study is to provide a learning medium that could increase corporate awareness in utilizing more eco-friendly regulations. The result of this study is the design of a Serious Simulation Game (SSG) that focuses on the purchasing, production, sales, and finance functions, using case studies of companies that run crude palm oil mills, which was proven effective in helping players understand the concepts and complexities that influence sustainable supply chain management.@en

The energy demand of Indonesia is continuously increasing because of the development of some main influencing factors. At the same time, the Indonesian government is concerned about the importance of sustainable development, which is one of the elements related to environmental protection. The large energy demand and the sustainable development concerns have led the Indonesian government to create a target of new and renewable energy (NRE) contribution in the final energy mix and to enact some policies to achieve this target. However, there are some challenges in the implementation of these regulations, such as business schemes and incentives, which are perceived to be not lucrative enough by investors. The objective of this research is to understand the dynamics of the system, the variables involved, and their interconnections in the development of NRE in Indonesia, particularly with regard to the price of electricity sold by power producers to the State Electricity Company (PT. PLN) and the tax facilities. This research aims to develop a generic, validated, and verified causal loop diagram that will serve as a conceptual model for system dynamics modeling for the analysis of similar energy policies on the basis of a case study in Indonesia.@en

Indonesia, which industrial sector dominates its economy faces more responsibilities to adjust their Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions as they committed to reduce its national emission up to 29% below business-as-usual (BAU) in 2030. The purpose of this study is aimed to conduct comprehensive research on impact factors of industrial carbon emissions and their relationship using causal loop diagram as the first step to further develop the system dynamic approach. As a result, causal loop diagram was built to illustrates the complex system in industrial carbon emission and how the relationship between economic growth, industrial carbon emission and policies in Indonesia, such as energy conservation contributes in achieving Indonesia's emission targets.@en

Indonesia hopes to accelerate its growth by developing integrated industrial clusters in strategic areas around the nation. Several of these clusters are in the area where traditional non-renewable energy could have the same or even more expensive cost than locally generated renewable energy. It is also an opportunity to start fresh any development of industrial cluster with lower emissions. The objective of this research is to understand the connected factors in developing renewable energy-powered industrial cluster in Indonesia Using causal loop diagram, as part of system dynamics approach to understand how the whole system connected. It took the novelty as the conceptual model was generated mainly on financial perspectives and sustainability aspects which could be beneficial for further research.@en