DR
Dierk Raabe
43 records found
1
Steel production accounts for approximately 8% of all global CO2 emissions, with the primary steelmaking route using iron ores accounting for about 80% of those emissions, mainly due to the use of fossil-based reductants and fuel. Hydrogen-based reduction of iron oxide is an alte
...
Hydrogen-based direct reduction (HyDR) of iron ores has attracted immense attention and is considered a forerunner technology for sustainable ironmaking. It has a high potential to mitigate CO
2 emissions in the steel industry, which accounts today for ~
...
Metallurgical production traditionally involves three steps: extracting metals from ores, mixing them into alloys by liquid processing and thermomechanical processing to achieve the desired microstructures
1,2. This sequential approach, practised since th
...
Iron powder can be a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels in power supply due to its high energy density and abundance. Iron powder releases energy through exothermic oxidation (combustion), and stores back energy through its subsequent hydrogen-based reduction, establishing a
...
Ammonia is a promising alternative hydrogen carrier that can be utilized for the solid-state reduction of iron oxides for sustainable ironmaking due to its easy transportation and high energy density. The main challenge for its utilization on an industrial scale is to understand
...
When solid-state redox-driven phase transformations are associated with mass loss, vacancies are produced that develop into pores. These pores can influence the kinetics of certain redox and phase transformation steps. We investigated the structural and chemical mechanisms in and
...
Steels with medium manganese (Mn) content (3∼12 wt-%) have emerged as a new alloy class and received considerable attention during the last decade. The microstructure and mechanical response of such alloys show significant differences from those of established steel grades, espec
...
Iron making is the biggest single cause of global warming. The reduction of iron ores with carbon generates about 7% of the global carbon dioxide emissions to produce ≈1.85 billion tons of steel per year. This dramatic scenario fuels efforts to re-invent this sector by using rene
...
Out of the multitude of researched processing routes for sustainable ironmaking, hydrogen-based direct reduction and hydrogen plasma smelting reduction (HyPSR) are currently the most promising candidates for a successful industrial application. Both processes operate under gaseou
...
Hydrogen-based reduction of iron ores is the key technology for future sustainable ironmaking, to mitigate the CO2 burden from the steel industry, accounting for ~7–8% of all global emissions. However, using hydrogen as a reductant prompts concerns about hydrogen embrittlement in
...
Iron- and steelmaking cause ∼7% of the global CO
2 emissions, due to the use of carbon for the reduction of iron ores. Replacing carbon by hydrogen as the reductant offers a pathway to massively reduce these emissions. However, the production of hydrogen
...
High-resolution three-dimensional crystal plasticity simulations are used to investigate deformation heterogeneity and microstructure evolution during cold rolling of interstitial free (IF-) steel. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based spectral solver is used to conduct crystal pl
...
High-entropy alloys are solid solutions of multiple principal elements that are capable of reaching composition and property regimes inaccessible for dilute materials. Discovering those with valuable properties, however, too often relies on serendipity, because thermodynamic allo
...
Physics-based crystal plasticity models rely on certain statistical assumptions about the collective behavior of dislocation populations on one slip system and their interactions with the dislocations on the other slip systems. One main advantage of using such physics-based const
...
In conventional processing, metals go through multiple manufacturing steps including casting, plastic deformation, and heat treatment to achieve the desired property. In additive manufacturing (AM) the same target must be reached in one fabrication process, involving solidificati
...
To successfully transition from fossil-fuel to sustainable carbon-free energy carriers, a safe, stable and high-density energy storage technology is required. The combustion of iron powders seems very promising in this regard. Yet, little is known about their in-process morpholog
...
Fossil-free ironmaking is indispensable for reducing massive anthropogenic CO
2 emissions in the steel industry. Hydrogen-based direct reduction (HyDR) is among the most attractive solutions for green ironmaking, with high technology readiness. The underl
...
The reduction of iron ore with carbon-carriers is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the industry, motivating global activities to replace the coke-based blast furnace reduction by hydrogen-based direct reduction (HyDR). Iron oxide reduction with hydrogen h
...
Hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron oxide at 700°C
Heterogeneity at pellet and microstructure scales
Steel production causes a third of all industrial CO
2 emissions due to the use of carbon-based substances as reductants for iron ores, making it a key driver of global warming. Therefore, research efforts aim to replace these reductants with sustainably
...
Steel is the most important material class in terms of volume and environmental impact. While it is a sustainability enabler, for instance through lightweight design, magnetic devices, and efficient turbines, its primary production is not. Iron is reduced from ores by carbon, cau
...