Over the years, modelling frameworks have been proposed to describe and predict the degradation of municipal solid waste in landfills. These frameworks, however, fail to couple the kinetic solutions to the real-time equilibrium state of the system. Because of this, fundamental processes such as pH changes, NH4+ adsorption to the waste surface and changes to the fluid composition are often not (or inadequate) taken into account. In this study, we propose a degradation model that couples a kinetic solver to the chemical equilibrium software, ORCHESTRA. For this, a tool is developed that allows seamless operability between ORCHESTRA and the Python environment. The modelling framework is used to simulate the degradation of solid organic matter in a batch reactor following a simplified, but comprehensive, reaction network. Reaction rates are based on Monod kinetics that includes a wide variety of inhibition functions. The Freundlich equation is used to capture NH4+ adsorption to the waste surface. Results from various case studies show that the modelling framework is suitable for coupling real-time landfill chemistry to degradation kinetics. We found that NH₄⁺ concentrations play a dominant role in the presented model. While low NH₄⁺ concentrations limit biomass growth by substrate inhibition, high concentrations (>0.002 4
mol/L) affect the hydrolysis rate by toxicity inhibition. This translates to a model that is sensitive to a variety of input parameters such as the initial C/N ratio, the Kd (degree of adsorption) value and the initial organic fraction. A comparison with literature studies, however, implies that the model lacks fundamental processes such as gas and fluid transport or changes in volume and temperature. In addition to this, we discuss that the Freundlich isotherms may be inappropriate to capture adsorption in a coupled framework as no ion exchange is taken into account. Models that do so, such as the NICA-Donnan model, could improve the model results significantly.