Shape-morphing structures have the ability to adapt to various target shapes, offering significant advantages for many applications. However, predicting their behavior presents challenges. Here, we present a method to assess the shape-matching behavior of shape-morphing structures using a multibody systems approach wherein the structure is represented by a collection of nodes and their associated constraints. This representation preserves the kinematic properties of the original structure while allowing for a rigorous treatment of the shape-morphing behavior of the underlying metamaterial. We assessed the utility of the proposed method by applying it to a wide range of 2D/3D sample shape-morphing structures. A modular system of joints and links was also 3D printed for the experimental realization of the systems under study. Both our simulations and the experiments confirmed the ability of the presented technique to capture the true shape-morphing behavior of complex shape-morphing metamaterials.@en

Shape morphing is the ability of objects to adapt to different shapes and reduce stress concentrations through increased contact area. This is a common trait of natural and engineered objects and has several applications in, among others, soft robotics and orthopedic implants. Shape morphing is achieved through flexible materials or rigid components with either kinematic or compliant joints. An additional step, namely shape locking, is needed for sustained load support. Activation of a locking mechanism can be done with any energy, among which magnetism is one. Here, we present the implementation of a magnetic locking mechanism for kinematically deformable metamaterial structures that maintain shape and support loads upon locking. The structure consists of 3D printed rigid magnetic and non-magnetic components connected by hinges. We created several prototypes of the proposed designs using two additive manufacturing methods (i.e., material extrusion and multi-material jetting) and demonstrated its application in a closed-loop grid for arbitrary shapes. Moreover, we characterized the performance of the prototypes using mechanical tests and multibody kinematic system simulations. This work highlights the viability of the locking concept and provides design considerations for future applications. Further improvement and optimizations are needed for increased efficiency and effectiveness.@en