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The development of water infrastructure is a long and complex process that involves multiple stakeholders, multiple scales, various sub-systems and relations of dependence among stakeholders. Stakeholder participation is increasingly seen as an indispensable element of water policymaking. The failure to address stakeholders’ underlying values, however, may create or exacerbate conflicts. In this chapter, we address the difficulty of approaching stakeholder participation in terms of conflicting interests. We illustrate this with an urban flood prevention case, followed by a categorisation of the difficulties presented by such processes. Instead of pursuing an interest-oriented approach, we suggest taking a step back in order to discern the influence of differing conceptions of shared values on multi-stakeholder decision-making processes. The goal of this chapter is to achieve a better understanding of the difficulties entailed in interest-driven decision-making processes in water governance, and how it could be beneficial to pursue a value-sensitive approach in such situations.
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The development of water infrastructure is a long and complex process that involves multiple stakeholders, multiple scales, various sub-systems and relations of dependence among stakeholders. Stakeholder participation is increasingly seen as an indispensable element of water policymaking. The failure to address stakeholders’ underlying values, however, may create or exacerbate conflicts. In this chapter, we address the difficulty of approaching stakeholder participation in terms of conflicting interests. We illustrate this with an urban flood prevention case, followed by a categorisation of the difficulties presented by such processes. Instead of pursuing an interest-oriented approach, we suggest taking a step back in order to discern the influence of differing conceptions of shared values on multi-stakeholder decision-making processes. The goal of this chapter is to achieve a better understanding of the difficulties entailed in interest-driven decision-making processes in water governance, and how it could be beneficial to pursue a value-sensitive approach in such situations.
Decision-making processes involving multiple stakeholders can be rather cumbersome, turbulent and lengthy. The stance of some stakeholders, upholding their individual interests, can slowdown or even block such processes. Recent research suggests that a focus on the values of the stakeholders could benefit those decision-making processes. However, the role of the values is not yet fully understood. To investigate the interaction between values, norms, and resulting actions in decision-making processes, we introduce a conceptual model to explore the relations between these concepts. The conceptual model presented in this paper is a first step towards a framework to model decision-making processes with the aim of understanding the role that values play in decision-making processes.
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Decision-making processes involving multiple stakeholders can be rather cumbersome, turbulent and lengthy. The stance of some stakeholders, upholding their individual interests, can slowdown or even block such processes. Recent research suggests that a focus on the values of the stakeholders could benefit those decision-making processes. However, the role of the values is not yet fully understood. To investigate the interaction between values, norms, and resulting actions in decision-making processes, we introduce a conceptual model to explore the relations between these concepts. The conceptual model presented in this paper is a first step towards a framework to model decision-making processes with the aim of understanding the role that values play in decision-making processes.
Decision-making processes in policy making with multiple-stakeholders can be complex because of the technically advanced systems that are decided upon, e.g. water management systems. But the complexity is often also caused by social dependencies and interests at stake. This can lead to processes in which stakeholders firmly defend their interests, resulting in behavior that is so defensive that it severely blocks the process. For this reason, policy makers are trying to find a di↵erent approach.
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Decision-making processes in policy making with multiple-stakeholders can be complex because of the technically advanced systems that are decided upon, e.g. water management systems. But the complexity is often also caused by social dependencies and interests at stake. This can lead to processes in which stakeholders firmly defend their interests, resulting in behavior that is so defensive that it severely blocks the process. For this reason, policy makers are trying to find a di↵erent approach.
Normative multi-agent systems offer the ability to integrate social and individual factors to provide increased levels of fidelity with respect to modelling social phenomena, such as cooperation, coordination, group decision making, and organization, in both human and artificial agent systems. An important open research issue refers to group norms, that is, norms that govern groups of agents. Depending on the interpretation, group norms may be intended to affect the group as a whole, each member of a group, or some members of the group. Moreover, upholding group norms may require coordination among the members of the group. We have identified three sets of agents affected by group norms, namely, (i) the addressees of the norm, (ii) those that will act on it, and (iii) those that are responsible for ensuring norm compliance. We present a formalism to represent these, connecting it to a minimalist agent organisation model. We use our formalism to develop a reasoning mechanism that enables agents to identify their position with respect to a group norm to further support agent autonomy and coordination when deciding on possible courses of action.
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Normative multi-agent systems offer the ability to integrate social and individual factors to provide increased levels of fidelity with respect to modelling social phenomena, such as cooperation, coordination, group decision making, and organization, in both human and artificial agent systems. An important open research issue refers to group norms, that is, norms that govern groups of agents. Depending on the interpretation, group norms may be intended to affect the group as a whole, each member of a group, or some members of the group. Moreover, upholding group norms may require coordination among the members of the group. We have identified three sets of agents affected by group norms, namely, (i) the addressees of the norm, (ii) those that will act on it, and (iii) those that are responsible for ensuring norm compliance. We present a formalism to represent these, connecting it to a minimalist agent organisation model. We use our formalism to develop a reasoning mechanism that enables agents to identify their position with respect to a group norm to further support agent autonomy and coordination when deciding on possible courses of action.
Agent-based modeling is one of the popular tools for analyzing complex social systems. To model such systems, social attributes such as culture, law and institutions need to implemented as part of the context of a MAS, independently of individual agents. In this paper, we present MAIA; a framework for modeling agent-based systems based on the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD). The IAD is a well established comprehensive framework which addresses many social attributes. To make this framework applicable to agent-based software implementation, we inspire from some of the detailed definitions in the OperA methodology. The framework covers the different types of structures affecting agents at the operational level; physical, collective and constitutional. Moreover, this framework includes the conceptualization and design of evaluation. An agent-based methodology has also been developed from the MAIA framework which consists of two layers. A conceptualization layer for analyzing and decomposing the system and a detailed design layer which leads to the implementation of social models. MAIA allows the balance of global institutional requirements with the autonomy of individual agents thus enabling system evolution and reflecting more of reality in artificial societies.
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Agent-based modeling is one of the popular tools for analyzing complex social systems. To model such systems, social attributes such as culture, law and institutions need to implemented as part of the context of a MAS, independently of individual agents. In this paper, we present MAIA; a framework for modeling agent-based systems based on the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD). The IAD is a well established comprehensive framework which addresses many social attributes. To make this framework applicable to agent-based software implementation, we inspire from some of the detailed definitions in the OperA methodology. The framework covers the different types of structures affecting agents at the operational level; physical, collective and constitutional. Moreover, this framework includes the conceptualization and design of evaluation. An agent-based methodology has also been developed from the MAIA framework which consists of two layers. A conceptualization layer for analyzing and decomposing the system and a detailed design layer which leads to the implementation of social models. MAIA allows the balance of global institutional requirements with the autonomy of individual agents thus enabling system evolution and reflecting more of reality in artificial societies.