Miniaturization of next-generation active neural implants requires novel micro-packaging solutions that can maintain their long-term coating performance in the body. This work presents two thin-film coatings and evaluates their biostability and in vivo performance over a 7-month animal study. To evaluate the coatings on representative surfaces, two silicon microchips with different surface microtopography are used. Microchips are coated with either a ≈100 nm thick inorganic hafnium-based multilayer deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD-ML), or a ≈6 µm thick hybrid organic–inorganic Parylene C and titanium-based ALD multilayer stack (ParC-ALD-ML). After 7 months of direct exposure to the body environment, the multilayer coatings are evaluated using optical and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is also used to evaluate the chemical stability and barrier performance of the layers after long-term exposure to body media. Results showed the excellent biostability of the 100 nm ALD-ML coating with no ionic penetration within the layer. For the ParC-ALD-ML, concurrent surface degradation and ion ingress are detected within the top ≈70 nm of the outer Parylene C layer. The results and evaluation techniques presented here can enable future material selection, packaging, and analysis, enhancing the functional stability of future chip-embedded neural implants. ... Read more

Liquid crystal polymer (LCP) has gained wide interest in the electronics industry largely due to its flexibility, stable insulation and dielectric properties and chip integration capabilities. Recently, LCP has also been investigated as a biocompatible substrate for the fabrication of multielectrode arrays. Realizing a fully implantable LCP-based bioelectronic device, however, still necessitates a low form factor packaging solution to protect the electronics in the body. In this work, we investigate two promising encapsulation coatings based on thin-film technology as the main packaging for LCP-based electronics. Specifically, a HfO2–based nanolaminate ceramic (TFE1) deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD), and a hybrid Parylene C-ALD multilayer stack (TFE2), both with a silicone finish, were investigated and compared to a reference LCP coating. T-peel, water-vapour transmission rate (WVTR) and long-term electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS) tests were performed to evaluate adhesion, barrier properties and overall encapsulation performance of the coatings. Both TFE materials showed stable impedance characteristics while submerged in 60 °C saline, with TFE1-silicone lasting more than 16 months under a continuous 14V DC bias (experiment is ongoing). The results presented in this work show that WVTR is not the main factor in determining lifetime, but the adhesion of the coating to the substrate materials plays a key role in maintaining a stable interface and thus longer lifetimes. ... Read more