Flooding in Metro Manila is driven not only by meteorological events but by decades of urban expansion, spatial inequality, and fragmented institutional responses that fail to operate at the neighborhood scale. Despite government investments in regional flood infrastructure, informal communities continue to experience seasonal flooding and bear disproportionate impacts. This study investigates the potential for building flood resilience at the neighborhood scale and examines its practical implementation.
Barangay Tatalon in Quezon City serves as the pilot case. This neighborhood is located in a low-lying basin adjacent to the San Juan River and experiences compound flooding from both rainfall accumulation and river backflow. It lacks an organized drainage system. The informal settlement, home to around 3,000 households, is surrounded by formal communities and grey infrastructure that directs runoff into the area without increasing the area's drainage capacity. Through fieldwork, spatial analysis, and a research-by-design approach, the study maps the environmental, spatial, and social factors contributing to the neighborhood's persistent vulnerability.
A catalogue of formal and informal practices was identified and then evaluated in relation to these conditions, resulting in a prioritized selection that informs a spatial design proposal centered on the concept of the layered basin. Rather than resisting the site’s topography, the proposal works with it by organizing water, movement, and community life across four interdependent layers. A co-production model defines the relationship between government and the local community: the formal sector constructs and maintains the ground level, while the community builds and adapts above.
The project concludes with a replicability framework, suggesting that the conditions observed in Barangay Tatalon are not unique and that the proposed approach can inform interventions in similar flood-prone settlements across Metro Manila.
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The energy transition is advancing, and the share of renewable energy is increasing. The intermittent nature of these energy sources is introducing problems with energy security throughout the day and putting extra pressure on an already heavily congested electricity grid. To alleviate these problems, heavy investments in battery energy storage systems are necessary. But it is important that the energy transition is equitable, and all social classes benefit from it.
This study investigates how we can implement spatial strategies for renewable energy in the U16 region in order to promote an inclusive energy transition. Four communities were identified, and their profile was developed through street interviews, semi-structured interviews and literature review. Through spatial analyses the communities were identified in the U16 region. By connecting different communities in close proximity, clusters were identified which have high potential for collaborative energy strategies. Existing policy and regulation measures to promote sustainability measures were analyzed, and policies were developed to accelerate the deployment of renewable energy, alleviate congestion on the electricity grid and kickstart investments in large-scale battery energy storage deployments.
Two scenarios were developed, one scenario to reach the goal of becoming net carbon neutral in 2050, and one for the timeframe after. The scenario until 2050 includes technological strategies like large scale deployment of sodium-ion batteries, and plug-in solar panels to be installed on balconies and facades. Other strategies include investments by public and private parties in battery storage, and policy recommendations like building mandates and incentives for dynamic energy contracts. The interrelationship between communities is the core of these approaches, creating an interplay between the strengths and weaknesses of these groups. After 2050, strategies are suggested to develop large scale hydrogen production and storage to provide seasonal energy storage. Also, the development of an intercontinental energy grid is suggested, to deploy solar installations in countries around the equator. Using these methods, renewable energy can power society, while benefiting all demographics and communities.
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