Na een lange tijd waarin woningcorporaties door overheidsbeleid zijn beperkt in hun taken met betrekking tot sociale woningbouw, lijkt het belang van de woningcorporaties in het oplossen van het tekort aan middenhuur meer erkend te worden. Dit is te zien aan de recente afschaffing van de verhuurderheffing en de Nationale Prestatieafspraken met daarin inbegrepen de taak voor woningcorporaties om tot 2030 50.000 nieuwe woningen voor middenhuur te bouwen. Maar er is een overwegend tekort aan kennis over hoe woningcorporaties door middel van financiële incentives gestimuleerd kunnen worden voor het realiseren van middenhuur. Daarom wordt met dit onderzoek getracht om de kennis te vergroten over potentiele financiële incentives die woningcorporaties kunnen stimuleren voor het realiseren van middenhuur en de aspecten van de context die daarbij van belang zijn. Dit onderzoek is opgedeeld in twee fases, waarbij in de eerste fase drie potentiele incentives worden geformuleerd die vervolgens worden getest en geëvalueerd in de tweede fase. Het CMO-raamwerk staat centraal in dit proces. Eerst wordt op een bondige manier literatuur over het CMO-raamwerk en de bestaande kennis en onderzoek over middenhuur in Nederlandse context behandeld. Hieruit volgt de formulering van drie potentiele incentives en volgen verwachtingen over de bevindingen uit de interviews. Vervolgens worden de drie incentives voorgelegd door middel van semigestructureerde interviews met vijf woningcorporaties. Dit onderzoek heeft geresulteerd in CMO-overzichten van elk van de drie incentives, en die representeren wat de toegeschreven effecten van de incentives zijn, welke aspecten van context van belang zijn bij de werking van de incentives en welke potentiele consequenties kunnen voortkomen uit de implementatie van de incentives. De evaluatie van de bevindingen aan de hand van de bestaande kennis en onderzoek heeft geleid tot een beeld over in welke mate de bevindingen overeenkomen met de verwachtingen. Ook heeft het geleid tot een aantal aanbevelingen voor vervolgonderzoek. Uiteindelijk zijn er nieuwe inzichten over de incentives ontwikkeld waarbij er uitspraken worden gedaan over soort context waarin de geformuleerde incentives de corporaties beter zouden stimuleren en zullen significante elementen van een potentiele incentive worden gesuggereerd waar rekening mee gehouden kan worden bij het stimuleren van woningcorporaties.

This project is to improve the accessibility of military heritage sites in Soesterberg. Because of the different war times this heritage belongs, the scale and form of the heritage differ in spatial distribution. Also, due to the expansion of urban infrastructures, the road approaching the heritage sites are gradually occupied by new roads. In this thesis, a new regional vision that connects and diversifies the routing when approaching the heritage sites is developed. By extracting historical elements from the war, a new system of materials, forms and installations is generated. On the local scale, feelings are interpreted into spatial expressions using the materials extracted from history. Besides the historic heritage study, the diversification of forests is also vital in this thesis. The forest thinning approach to diversify the forest species in the coming 10 years could hopefully turn this area into a more defensive and biodiversified area.

The advent of the internet and digital technology has transformed public spaces, impacting human interactions and diluting their original purpose. However, augmented reality (AR) technology, exemplified by Pokémon Go, presents a unique opportunity to revitalize urban public spaces in the digital era. AR technology offers virtual flexibility, empowering public spaces to become multifunctional environments and redistributing the value of urban areas. To accommodate this transformative potential, inclusive and enduring architectural structures are needed as resilient containers for AR development. This project focuses on designing robust, inclusive public buildings that seamlessly integrate into the urban fabric undergoing AR development. These structures adapt to the evolving needs and activities facilitated by AR, fostering social interaction and a sense of belonging within the community. The integration of AR technology necessitates a holistic approach to urban design, extending beyond individual buildings to the broader urban context. By leveraging the transformative power of AR, this project envisions digitally enhanced and physically resilient urban environments that accommodate diverse activities and cultivate community. It explores new paradigms for urban design where public buildings serve as adaptable containers for AR experiences, fostering social cohesion and redefining the relationship between people, architecture, and the environment. Through the integration of AR technology and thoughtful architectural design, this project showcases the potential for vibrant, inclusive, and sustainable urban public spaces in the digital age. By embracing flexibility, durability, and inclusivity, it establishes a foundation for AR-neutral buildings that respond to the evolving needs and aspirations of urban communities, creating a more engaging and harmonious urban environment.

The prognosis for Amsterdam is that the population will grow until almost one million inhabitants in 2040 which leads to the fact that densification is needed to house all these people. Another prediction is that migration flows will increase, which means that diversity still will be a big topic in the future. Nowadays Amsterdam houses many nationalities and subgroups. Analyzing Sloterdijk, its demographics show more than 50% of the population is from non-western background. The people had to deal with the consequences of segregation in spatial, social and economical way. Problems as loneliness and a high unemployment rate are reason to doubt the approach of Amsterdam of dealing with integration of lower social classes and immigrants. What will happen when diversity will grow? Will this lead to a bigger segregation? Segregation arises where different groups of people aren’t meeting each other anymore and therefore do not understand each other’s world. The Slotermarket will form a new inclusive center for the local community in Sloterdijk in the future garden city 2.0. The building will house a market where different people of Sloterdijk can sell their goods next to each other. The market should be an inclusive place where different cultures could find their place now and in the future as migration flows are unpredictable. Therefore a flexible structure of pixels is made. On top of the retail functions, housing towers appear above the roof that covers the market. The roof functions as a connecting element, embracing all the pixels underneath the roof. On the other hand the roof is the meeting spot for the residents of the tower. Bridges are connecting the housing towers to the roof gardens with green houses. The inhabitants of the towers share several amenities as cars, workplaces, a sports room, a dining room and thus gardens and greenhouses on the roof. In this market a new typology is proposed: the city in a building, inspired by the souk and bazaars in the Middle East where the market is integrated in the streets of the city and by that is interwoven in the urban fabric. The Slotermarket is interwoven in its surroundings by embracing the green structures of the garden city. The future life in the garden cities will be focused around the ideals of social interaction, participation, sharing facilities and food production.

This master thesis is the final result of my graduation project, a year of researching the field of urban planning and design, facing the complexity of urban regeneration processes. Because of the current complexity of this urban regeneration, it is important to research the current processes, to see if they work as efficient as possible. This research takes Rotterdam as a case study, a large innovative and developing city of the Netherlands. Both top-down and bottom-up perspectives are revised to improve the current plans and processes for the regeneration of Rotterdam. It is time for urban planners and designers to make a shift in the development of planning strategies in a way they create a more sustainable and durable way of urban development by using the existing qualities of each specific area. In this way our profession can contribute to the improvement of the living environment and conditions of citizens. This thesis looks for an improvement of involving citizens into the planning processes of the municipality. By reviewing local citizen’s demands, and combining this with the structure of the municipality, a new urban regeneration plan is developed, taking all the different actors into account.

Rural migrants are being evicted from China’s metropolis. Urban villages used to be a refuge for rural migrants fleeing excessive living expenses, where they might find reasonable housing, social connections, and even work opportunities. However, as these villages are now being redeveloped mainly to create land revenues for local municipalities, rural migrants are being evicted and left vulnerable. This can also create vulnerabilities for the cities themselves. Despite the amount of literature on urban village development and redevelopment (Hao et al., 2013; Kochan, 2015; Lai et al., 2021; Li et al., 2014; Zhou, 2014), there is little research on the social problems, particularly problems for rural migrants, brought by current mode of redevelopment, which occurs frequently nowadays. This study aims to answer the question of how urban villages can be redeveloped to create socially resilient communities by using multiple methods, in both social and spatial aspects. The study aims to address the issue of urban village redevelopment in China's metropolises and its impact on rural migrants by proposing an alternative art-driven redevelopment strategy. A comprehensive solution package that includes urban design, policy recommendations, and participation strategies that take into account the social resilience of migrants will be developed. To do this, the study will first use methods such as stakeholder analysis and engagement, as well as spatial analysis and urban design at a community scale, using the case of Zanhualing Village as an example. The ultimate goal is to create a strategic plan for numerous urban villages across the city of Dongguan to create a more resilient city overall.

Vechtzoom-Zuid in post war neighbourhood Overvecht experiences multiple problems, the modernistic layout does not fit our society, the social cohesion is low and the inhabitants have a lot of social-economical problems. Shopping centre 'De Klop' is located in the centre of this neighbourhood, and experiencing a lot of problems as vacancy, nuisance and neglect. Due to its important location within the neighbourhood, spatially and socially, all the problems of the neighbourhood come together in the centre and, vice versa, the centre has a major impact on these problems. Therefore this research answers the following research question: 'How can modernistic shopping centre de Klop in post-war expansion neighbourhood Overvecht be transformed into an attractive centre that increases the social cohesion of Vechtzoom Zuid, while coping with transitions affecting shopping centres over the next 30 years?' The research consists of multiple parts. The first part shows how the design of a centre can increase social cohesion in a neighbourhood. This can be done in three ways: Firstly, by making the centre overall more attractive and thereby increasing the use of public facilities. Secondly, by introducing new green spaces, where people can recreate and meet each other. And thirdly, by adding new housing in order to make housing career within the neighbourhood. The second part shows the original ideas behind the neighbourhood, what changed in current society and what is the core problem within the design. The neighbourhood was built based on the ideas of CIAM, and the ‘Wijkgedachte’, but the changing composition of the population and social idea of top down collective social community caused problems. The collective spaces aren’t used as they are supposed to be, making the area unlively. The barriers caused by the car, and the repetition of buildings make the shopping centre unrecognisable resulting in even less liveliness. Therefore with the transformation of the centre the aim should be to make new, recognisable and accessible collective spaces, that are not yet to be found in the neighbourhood. Lastly it is researched how a shopping centre should be designed in order to be adaptable to societal changes in the future. The centre should be densified, new slow routing has to be implemented and the transformation should consist out of different vast materialised spaces, functioning as a condition for multiple ways of shopping and commerce where the extremes are fun shopping and run shopping. The answers of these three parts lead to the objectives and a design goal for the transformation of de Klop: Create new flexible and accessible collective spaces as a condition for a safe and recognisable heart of the neighbourhood where current and future residents can find a motive to visit and meet each other. Resulting in a transformation proposal that creates new flexible central spaces along a slow traffic line, breaking through the zoning of the Modernistic layout.

A study on building belongingness through the design of outdoor public spaces in the expatriate community Meerhoven, Eindhoven

This thesis project, as part of the urban forest places graduation lab, focuses on the relationship between urban environments and the healing aspects of nature. Urban environments affect our body and state of mind, and are not always beneficial for our mental health. Landscape and urban design can do something about this. But the question is how? The city of Amsterdam is used as a location to investigate this. The city is surrounded with a diverse metropolitan landscape, which enters far into the city in the form of green wedges, also called the Scheggen. Amsterdam has a long history in investing in green spaces during urban expansions. Since the sixteenth century every period of growth has been accompanied by planned investment in green spaces. First by planting trees along the canals in the sixteenth century. Than by creating city parks in the nineteenth century. The existing green structure was planned during the General Expansion Plan in 1934, made by van Eesteren. The purpose of the General Expansion Plan was not only to expand urban development but also to create a balance between city and green space. This green structure ensures that every resident of Amsterdam can reach a green space within ten minutes, even from the heart of the city centre. Nowadays, the city of Amsterdam has to deal with the following problems. Firstly, the big pressure on the housing market, is forcing the city to densify as well as expand outside of its current urban borders, which makes the Scheggen vulnerable. Not only densification is a problem, but also the fact that more and more people suffer from mental health issues, such as stress, burn-outs, anxiety and depression. Of course we all need a little bit of stress, but if people cannot restore from too much stress for a prolonged period of time, their health will be negatively affected in many ways. Additionally, the city also has to deal with a number of other complex issues, such as climate change issues and biodiversity loss. This has led to the main research question: How can a forest park be designed in such a way that it contributes to reducing mental stress in an urban environment? The findings from the literature study provided evidence that a forest park can contribute to reduce mental stress. Visiting or viewing a forest has a positive effect on people’s mental health and recovering from stress, especially for people from urban environments. The literature study, together with a thorough site research, formed the site specific design principles for the design intervention. The result of this thesis is a design proposal for an urban forest park for Amsterdam Sloterdijk. The project shows that the design proposal for a forest park not only contributes to reduce mental stress in an urban environment, but also increases biodiversity, and acts as a climate buffer by managing rainwater and cooling the environment.

Water in Milan has always been a founding element for civilization, especially for its urban, working, and cultural development due to the presence of rivers, water springs, and a system of artificial canals known as Navigli. Therefore, the covering of the Navigli system in 1929 in lieu of large contemporary infrastructures led to the loss of sociability at both the urban and neighbourhood scale. This change has also led to the loss of a commercial route that connected the Alpine area with the Adriatic Coast, a system that gave the city the title of Italy’s third largest harbour during the XX century. Thus, covering the Navigli deprived Milan of the traditional features that enhanced the urban space and its continuity with a more complex context. In addition, the major rivers that cross the city has been covered. This choice, together with high levels of cementing and water pollution, has resulted in an urban fabric that is discontinuous from the water-related Roman and Medieval tissues and it is increasingly affected by the urgencies of climate change. This project aims to restore the Navigli system as a replacement for some of the modern infrastructures to rehabilitate the water identity of Milan. The emergent landscape should increase urban quality by emphasizing sociability on a local scale. Attention will turn to participatory activities capable of attracting citizens to water-related spaces to create a sense of caring and belonging to the place. The project also focuses on the balance between nature and culture through an unconventional aesthetic that interact more healthily with the environment. Nowadays, the ecological network is interrupted by the infrastructure: roads define the shape of often marginalized green areas, so different ecosystems are fragmented. Thus, the linear form of canals may suggest a new ecological corridor through different urban realities.

The city of Amsterdam is prospering, the amount of residents and visitors continues to grow every year. With this rapid population increase there are more people seeking to travel each day. This increases the pressure on all types of modalities in Amsterdam. As a result of this, the city becomes more busy, congestion increases, the air quality gets worse, noise caused by traffic increases and the public space diminishes. The current mobility systems have negative and positive effects on the livability in Amsterdam. The way people move through cities is changing rapidly. New technologies in mobility are making it possible for people to navigate through their city more safely and efficiently. Different modes of automated mobility will emerge in the next 30 years. (Papa & Ferreira, 2018) There are still many uncertainties related to their spatial impact on our cities. This graduation project attempts to identify how automated mobility can contribute to enhance livability in Amsterdam. It explores the spatial impact of automated mobility in Amsterdam. To understand this spatial impact the research projects first identifies the scenarios on how automated mobility will be implemented and subsequently researches how this new mobility system can contribute to enhance livability. The design project seeks to propose a model for the implementation of automated mobility in Amsterdam that contributes to enhancing livability.

Overpollution with plastic waste is becoming a leading concern globally, but even more so at island destinations popular among tourists. Tourists generate 3 times more waste than local residents, overuse local resources, and often lead to a change of the identity of the location (the so-called “disneyfication”). This project combines the topics of using recycled plastic elements in architecture, conceptualising more sustainable tourism patterns, and empowering local communities to become active participants in the fate of their land. The island of Bali, Indonesia, is used as a case study, as due to its international popularity, the symptoms of overtourism are apparent and already under discussion. The object of the project is a community centre for an existing community on the island, which is growing in popularity among locals and aims to attract more foreign visitors- both as a source of income, and as a way to learn about the world first-hand. The design is developed in a way that caters both to the needs of the local community and the likings of temporary visitors, and facilitates meaningful interaction between them. The technical part of the research is focused on determining the availability of the plastic materials in the island’s waste, assessing its potential based on existing recycling technology and relating it to the architectural demands of the island. The structural concept involves a combination of bamboo with vernacular connections and innovative plastic elements, all suited for community participation during the design process. The goal of it is to be easy to construct and be transferrable and adaptable to various programmes and locations with similar needs and characteristics- from Southeast Asia to the Caribbean islands. A new product is developed and prototyped as part of the project: a plastic roof tile, which can serve a number of functions depending on its assembly, and which uses the inherent qualities and durability of the plastic material as shaping factors for its design.

My research goal was to explore the possibilities of post industrial sites to transform them into green infrastructure by multi-scale approach, making them not only benefit the ecology system in city scale, but also urban environment in local scale, while remaining the industrial beauty of the site.

On the northwest urban edge of Miami Dade County, the mining industry of the largest scale in Florida has existed for over 60 years. However, it is estimated to stop by 2050 as the reserves decline. As a consequence of limestone mining, more than 10,000 hectares of abandoned lakes will be left on the landscape. This project proposes land and water strategies to guide the future development of this post-mining lake area. It starts from the analysis on the existing hydrological, ecological, urban and mining conditions and define the existing situation as “boundary” that tends to establish static binary opposition between the urban and nature systems. Based on the site context, it proposes and explores “border” as a new urban edge condition that presents a dynamic interactive process in time. This process not only provides the possibility of regenerating potential of the post-mining area, but also increases resilience of the water system. What’s more, it creates conditions for the nature and urban systems to interact with each other and develop into an integrated whole.

Since the introduction of the car, our use of mobility is continuously growing (Kennisinstituut voor Mobiliteitsbeleid, 2018). Which leads to highly polluted areas, affecting urban health. Besides, the growing mobility results in a higher number of traffic accidents on the main road network (NU.nl, 2017). And not only growing mobility, but also the urban development of our cities will have an influence on urban health. Suburban development causes a population level reliance on car use every day. This imposed reliance causes low physical activity levels in a lot of residential neighbourhoods among many industrialized countries (Badland & Schofield, 2005). Physical inactivity, caused by dominance of the car in cities, the car dependency and infrastructural barriers in the city, can result in major health risks, especially in industrialized countries (Badland & Schofield, 2005). When engaging in physical activity, local streets and public spaces have been identified as the most suitable spaces (Badland & Schofield, 2005).  The introduction of automated mobility will provide car users with new possibilities to do while traveling. As a consequence, people are willing to travel longer, and the frequency of trips might increase (Stead et al., 2018). Automated forms of traveling will be chosen over active forms of travelling, because of the ease and comfort of automated vehicles. All of this results in more and more cars on the streets and an increased traffic complexity. Summing up, the ever-growing mobility puts urban health at risk. On top of this, the introduction of automated mobility is posing a threat on various facets of urban health (personal lifestyles, accessibility, etc.), especially in residential neighbourhoods (because of the high car dependency). The following question is leading in this project: ‘‘How can the implementation of automated mobility contribute in improving urban health, in residential neighbourhoods in the city of Almere?’’.  Since this project is concerned with the topic automated mobility and the impact of it urban on health, the research type is a predictive one. Automated mobility is still in an early stage, it is uncertain what will happen in the future. Therefore, scenario planning will be at the heart of this project. For the progressive scenario a design is made for two neighbourhoods in Almere. Urban regeneration strategies are developed with a set of design elements and recommendations. Creating and retrofitting urban environments which will improve urban health. Promoting physical activity through urban design at the micro scale (neighbourhood scale) is one of the most effective measures to improve urban health. On top of this, strategies in reducing air pollution on the macro scale (city scale) will also be highly impactful in reducing diseases worsened by poor air quality. Besides, in the development of urban areas (on the district scale) a good accessibility to leisure facilities, healthy food, and public and green spaces can be integrated into the design to support health and well-being (Pineo & Rydin, 2018). Slow traffic should get the full priority, therefore fast automated vehicles are only allowed on a limited number of roads.

Waterfront Analysis and Design Comparative Report of Beijing, Suzhou and Yinchuan systematically summarizes the research and planning cases. Conventional concepts and strategies concerning urban planning implemented in Beijing, Suzhou and Yinchuan have long been established, and the construction of many areas in these cities have been widely finished. Under such circumstances, based on analyses of the three cities and several typical cases of waterfront planning, this book breaks through the established conceptual constraints and delves into the commonalities and differences among the cases through systematic scientific approaches. On top of conducting the intensive research into urban waterfronts planning at levels of both basic theory and methodology, this book also presents specific practices of urban waterfront planning and design customized to the urban water system, as well as the layout and space of waterfront areas. By displaying how research findings can be applied into urban design, this book is of unique significance on value transmission.@en

Urban viaducts are essential components of main road networks in large cities. Balancing the enhancement of urban traffic efficiency with the preservation of urban space vitality is a significant challenge for many major cities in China. The Renmin Road Viaduct in Guangzhou exemplifies the conflict between unsustainable traffic development and daily life, serving as the primary focus of this study. This project aims to achieve the macro goals of community livability and sustainable transportation through the integrated transformation of the Renmin Road Viaduct. The objective is to convert the viaduct from a negative urban space into one that positively impacts the city, thereby improving the living conditions of surrounding residents and alleviating messy traffic situations. The project employs a combination of literature review, GIS traffic data processing and analysis, and surveys. By focusing on cultural, economic, social, and ecological dimensions, the design goals of "neighborhood livability" and "sustainable mobility" can be achieved through the transformation of integrated infrastructure. Transforming the Renmin Road Viaduct into a pedestrian-priority bridge offers innovative ideas and references for the renovation of similar urban viaducts in China.

In the past 20 years, urban development in the Netherlands has witnessed an increasing scale and accessibility of the retail market, accompanied by a shift in shopping habits due to the rise of the virtual economy. This shift has contributed to the decline of many traditional retail sectors. Local governments often opt to revitalize the market by increasing investment in renovations to cater to the needs of an urbanized population with higher income and diverse tastes (Lees, Slater, et al., 2010). This retail gentrification enhances the value of neighborhoods but also constrains the living space of vulnerable groups in the city. This project uses The Hague’s main market area, situated in a working-class immigrant community, as a case study to investigate how the reshaping of market spaces in culturally diverse, underprivileged immigrant neighborhoods can foster social inclusion and improve residents’ welfare. Government policy in The Hague is more oriented towards economic development, and over the past decade, the main market, being one of the largest retail markets in the Netherlands and Europe, has undergone transformations and renovations to attract more visitors. However, the market did not achieve the anticipated development. On one hand, the rising costs and prices excluded many low-income and less-educated minority groups, squeezing out the public spaces they once enjoyed, creating a crisis of social displacement. On the other hand, the lack of uniqueness in the products offered at The Hague market failed to attract a substantial number of visitors, leading to wasted and segregated spaces. This situation underscores the increasing challenge of social isolation under retail gentrification. Undoubtedly, economic development is also an essential goal for the region. To date, the local government’s planning for The Hague market still aims to turn it into a city attraction, prioritizing economic development and attracting more tourists, without adequately considering the local cultural background and demographic composition. There’s also a lack of clear guidelines on how spatial interventions can achieve these goals, especially in the post-pandemic era, when dissatisfaction among the public is growing on various media platforms. Studies indicate that the gentrification of the retail sector can reduce cultural diversity, thereby impacting community inclusion. However, this project aims to start with a problem statement and a vision for improving the public space around The Hague market and its vicinity. It involves sociological and spatial research from an urban to a neighborhood scale, seeking an urban design strategy that prioritizes the spatial interests and sense of belonging of marginalized groups, rather than systemic gentrification. The project culminates in presenting a demonstrative design plan focused on The Hague market and its surrounding areas, considering whether this design strategy can be applied to other similar regions. In summary, this project explores how the creation of public spaces can enhance social inclusion in multi-ethnic communities during market transformations, a factor often overlooked by governments in promoting gentrification. The research focuses on the potential symbiotic relationship between market transformation and these social objectives, aiming to provide a unique urban design perspective that can help balance social and economic goals.

The Aa is a channelized stream system with an out-of-balance hydrological system. Being too dry in the summer and having no room for water during the winter. There is also no room for natural processes and the biodiversity is low. This together with the intensively large-scale agricultural landscape makes the Aa an unattractive landscape. To change this in order to make the Aa resilient and attractive component of the Van Gogh National Park, is the landscape studied through three lenses; hydrological, nature, and recreation. In the area three landscape types are identified as having the potential to contribute to a resilient and attractive landscape; these are the stream, the wet areas, and the higher grounds. Looking at the three landscape types through the three lenses yields nine elements which together make an illustrative masterplan which is detailed in zoom-ins. The nine elements are called Meandering, Retention, Infiltration, Beekprik, Boomkikker, Boommarter (BBB), Kano, Boots, and Mountainbike.

The Aa is a channelized stream system with an out-of-balance hydrological system. Being too dry in the summer and having no room for water during the winter. There is also no room for natural processes and the biodiversity is low. This together with the intensively large-scale agricultural landscape makes the Aa an unattractive landscape. To change this in order to make the Aa resilient and attractive component of the Van Gogh National Park, is the landscape studied through three lenses; hydrological, nature, and recreation. In the area three landscape types are identified as having the potential to contribute to a resilient and attractive landscape; these are the stream, the wet areas, and the higher grounds. Looking at the three landscape types through the three lenses yields nine elements which together make an illustrative masterplan which is detailed in zoom-ins. The nine elements are called Meandering, Retention, Infiltration, Beekprik, Boomkikker, Boommarter (BBB), Kano, Boots, and Mountainbike.