Multiple recent events have shown the alarming vulnerability of infrastructure on sea to sabotage. This infrastructure can be monitored and protected with passive sonar systems, which provide a number of advantages over other surveillance methods such as RADAR or active sonar. An
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Multiple recent events have shown the alarming vulnerability of infrastructure on sea to sabotage. This infrastructure can be monitored and protected with passive sonar systems, which provide a number of advantages over other surveillance methods such as RADAR or active sonar. An overview of different localisation methods suitable for the Dutch littoral zone that perform bearing estimation, ranging or complete localisation on the surface plane is made from methods available in literature. From this overview a proposal is made to select cepstral ranging for further research, as there is a limited amount of literature available on this subject. Experimental data from the Dutch coastal area has been gathered with a RHIB and stationary sensor to verify important parameters for both computation and the ranging environment. An effective cepstral ranging method based on experimental data has been developed, although ranging with tidal effects and SNR mismatch remains somewhat problematic. To compensate for this a novel ray tracing method based on open-source measurements has been developed that offers a significant increase in accuracy while effectively compensating for variations in bathymetry and tide.