Access to electricity in informal settlements such as Mathare, Nairobi, remains a critical challenge that extends beyond infrastructure limitations to include governance and stakeholder coordination issues. This study investigates how enhanced stakeholder collaboration and strategic alignment can support the integration of Mathare’s informal electricity network into a safer, more reliable, and legally regulated system. Motivated by the urgency of improving energy access in marginalised urban areas, the research focuses on aligning the interests of diverse actors, including community members, CBOs,
informal electricity suppliers, Kenya Power, and government agencies, which often operate in silos or conflicts.
A mixed methods approach was used, including 38 semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and direct observations, facilitated by collaboration with local CBOs. Thematic analysis was used to identify key barriers to stakeholder alignment and opportunities for participatory governance.
The findings reveal significant misalignments in stakeholder goals and a general absence of trust and dialogue among actors. Two integration approaches were analysed: Community-Based Energy Cooperatives (CBEC) and government-led ”Last Mile” expansion, the CBEC approach emerging as the most contextually viable option due to its emphasis on local ownership, accountability, and flexible governance.
The study concludes with a comprehensive roadmap and actionable policy recommendations aimed at Kenya Power. These include cooperative formation, tariff negotiations, technical training, and infrastructure implementation. By fostering collaborative governance structures and recognising the legitimacy of informal systems, the proposed roadmap contributes to building a safer and more reliable energy future in Mathare and similar urban settlements across Africa.