TA
T.J.M. Ammerlaan
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Lithium-ion batteries are currently most commonly used in most electronic devices. These batteries are used because of their superiority in gravimetric energy and cyclability compared to other battery technologies. The most common anode used in lithium-ion batteries is currently graphite. Graphite has proven to be a very stable cycling material. However, with a specific capacity of 372 mAh/g, there are alternatives with higher specific capacities.
One of those alternatives is silicon, which has a theoretic capacity of 3000 mAh/g. However, a volume change of 200-300% occurs when a pure silicon anode is cycled. Thereby cracking the material and losing the majority of this theoretic capacity. The capacity retention of a silicon-based anode can be increased by various techniques. Of those techniques, two are used in this
work, alloying the silicon with carbon and creating a porous material.
This research aims to evaluate the effect of carbon concentration and porosity in the hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiCx:H) on the cycling performance of Li-ion batteries when this material is used for the anode. The a-SiCx:H used in this research is deposited on carbon fiber paper (CFP) using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD). By varying the precursor gas flows used during the PECVD the structure of the a-SiCx:H is changed and
samples with varying porosity and carbon concentration are obtained. These anodes are then tested using coin-cell batteries in a half-cell configuration. The results of a stability test indicated that the sample with an estimated carbon concentration of 8% and a porosity of 29% had the best capacity retention, retaining 61% of the initial 1800 mAh/g during 60 cycles at 0.3C.
This result is achieved with the sample having the highest carbon concentration and porosity that was researched in this work, suggesting that both a high carbon concentration and a high porosity value increase the capacity retention of the a-SiCx:H anode. Individual contributions of the carbon concentration and the porosity to the capacity retention have not been researched.
Therefore, conclusions to these individual contributions cannot be drawn. ...
One of those alternatives is silicon, which has a theoretic capacity of 3000 mAh/g. However, a volume change of 200-300% occurs when a pure silicon anode is cycled. Thereby cracking the material and losing the majority of this theoretic capacity. The capacity retention of a silicon-based anode can be increased by various techniques. Of those techniques, two are used in this
work, alloying the silicon with carbon and creating a porous material.
This research aims to evaluate the effect of carbon concentration and porosity in the hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiCx:H) on the cycling performance of Li-ion batteries when this material is used for the anode. The a-SiCx:H used in this research is deposited on carbon fiber paper (CFP) using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD). By varying the precursor gas flows used during the PECVD the structure of the a-SiCx:H is changed and
samples with varying porosity and carbon concentration are obtained. These anodes are then tested using coin-cell batteries in a half-cell configuration. The results of a stability test indicated that the sample with an estimated carbon concentration of 8% and a porosity of 29% had the best capacity retention, retaining 61% of the initial 1800 mAh/g during 60 cycles at 0.3C.
This result is achieved with the sample having the highest carbon concentration and porosity that was researched in this work, suggesting that both a high carbon concentration and a high porosity value increase the capacity retention of the a-SiCx:H anode. Individual contributions of the carbon concentration and the porosity to the capacity retention have not been researched.
Therefore, conclusions to these individual contributions cannot be drawn. ...
Lithium-ion batteries are currently most commonly used in most electronic devices. These batteries are used because of their superiority in gravimetric energy and cyclability compared to other battery technologies. The most common anode used in lithium-ion batteries is currently graphite. Graphite has proven to be a very stable cycling material. However, with a specific capacity of 372 mAh/g, there are alternatives with higher specific capacities.
One of those alternatives is silicon, which has a theoretic capacity of 3000 mAh/g. However, a volume change of 200-300% occurs when a pure silicon anode is cycled. Thereby cracking the material and losing the majority of this theoretic capacity. The capacity retention of a silicon-based anode can be increased by various techniques. Of those techniques, two are used in this
work, alloying the silicon with carbon and creating a porous material.
This research aims to evaluate the effect of carbon concentration and porosity in the hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiCx:H) on the cycling performance of Li-ion batteries when this material is used for the anode. The a-SiCx:H used in this research is deposited on carbon fiber paper (CFP) using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD). By varying the precursor gas flows used during the PECVD the structure of the a-SiCx:H is changed and
samples with varying porosity and carbon concentration are obtained. These anodes are then tested using coin-cell batteries in a half-cell configuration. The results of a stability test indicated that the sample with an estimated carbon concentration of 8% and a porosity of 29% had the best capacity retention, retaining 61% of the initial 1800 mAh/g during 60 cycles at 0.3C.
This result is achieved with the sample having the highest carbon concentration and porosity that was researched in this work, suggesting that both a high carbon concentration and a high porosity value increase the capacity retention of the a-SiCx:H anode. Individual contributions of the carbon concentration and the porosity to the capacity retention have not been researched.
Therefore, conclusions to these individual contributions cannot be drawn.
One of those alternatives is silicon, which has a theoretic capacity of 3000 mAh/g. However, a volume change of 200-300% occurs when a pure silicon anode is cycled. Thereby cracking the material and losing the majority of this theoretic capacity. The capacity retention of a silicon-based anode can be increased by various techniques. Of those techniques, two are used in this
work, alloying the silicon with carbon and creating a porous material.
This research aims to evaluate the effect of carbon concentration and porosity in the hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiCx:H) on the cycling performance of Li-ion batteries when this material is used for the anode. The a-SiCx:H used in this research is deposited on carbon fiber paper (CFP) using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD). By varying the precursor gas flows used during the PECVD the structure of the a-SiCx:H is changed and
samples with varying porosity and carbon concentration are obtained. These anodes are then tested using coin-cell batteries in a half-cell configuration. The results of a stability test indicated that the sample with an estimated carbon concentration of 8% and a porosity of 29% had the best capacity retention, retaining 61% of the initial 1800 mAh/g during 60 cycles at 0.3C.
This result is achieved with the sample having the highest carbon concentration and porosity that was researched in this work, suggesting that both a high carbon concentration and a high porosity value increase the capacity retention of the a-SiCx:H anode. Individual contributions of the carbon concentration and the porosity to the capacity retention have not been researched.
Therefore, conclusions to these individual contributions cannot be drawn.
Bachelor thesis
(2018)
-
Tim Al, Tim Ammerlaan, Jorge Martinez Castaneda, Richard Heusdens, Richard Hendriks
In this thesis report, the design of the estimation of internal delays within speakers and microphones will be covered. The estimation is done via an iterational algorithm which converges to the different delays. The design choice of the estimation of those delays follows from an initial attempt to improve synchronization of the Bosch DICENTIS microphone units. With an unit being a system is placed on the desk of an attendee of a conference, consisting of a microphone and a speaker. After coming to the conclusion that the current level of synchronization already sufficed the focus was shifted towards the estimation of the internal delays.
The choice of algorithm that was used for the estimation is covered in the in the state of the art analysis of the current internal delay estimation techniques. The subsystem receives pre-determined times between units and uses these to estimate the internal delays. This estimation is done with a random initialization of the delays (within reasonable margins for the delays). After which this estimation converges towards the real values by minimizing a Frobenius norm between the rank three approximation and the received times. This is elaborated on in the Estimating Internal Delays section. The algorithm can also make use of a regularization term which decreases the time required for the estimation of the delays. The results of the algorithm are discussed in the Implementation section, which consists of a number of MATLAB simulations using the implemented algorithm. Using the results, a conclusion is drawn for the viability of the solution after which a recommendation of future work is given. ...
The choice of algorithm that was used for the estimation is covered in the in the state of the art analysis of the current internal delay estimation techniques. The subsystem receives pre-determined times between units and uses these to estimate the internal delays. This estimation is done with a random initialization of the delays (within reasonable margins for the delays). After which this estimation converges towards the real values by minimizing a Frobenius norm between the rank three approximation and the received times. This is elaborated on in the Estimating Internal Delays section. The algorithm can also make use of a regularization term which decreases the time required for the estimation of the delays. The results of the algorithm are discussed in the Implementation section, which consists of a number of MATLAB simulations using the implemented algorithm. Using the results, a conclusion is drawn for the viability of the solution after which a recommendation of future work is given. ...
In this thesis report, the design of the estimation of internal delays within speakers and microphones will be covered. The estimation is done via an iterational algorithm which converges to the different delays. The design choice of the estimation of those delays follows from an initial attempt to improve synchronization of the Bosch DICENTIS microphone units. With an unit being a system is placed on the desk of an attendee of a conference, consisting of a microphone and a speaker. After coming to the conclusion that the current level of synchronization already sufficed the focus was shifted towards the estimation of the internal delays.
The choice of algorithm that was used for the estimation is covered in the in the state of the art analysis of the current internal delay estimation techniques. The subsystem receives pre-determined times between units and uses these to estimate the internal delays. This estimation is done with a random initialization of the delays (within reasonable margins for the delays). After which this estimation converges towards the real values by minimizing a Frobenius norm between the rank three approximation and the received times. This is elaborated on in the Estimating Internal Delays section. The algorithm can also make use of a regularization term which decreases the time required for the estimation of the delays. The results of the algorithm are discussed in the Implementation section, which consists of a number of MATLAB simulations using the implemented algorithm. Using the results, a conclusion is drawn for the viability of the solution after which a recommendation of future work is given.
The choice of algorithm that was used for the estimation is covered in the in the state of the art analysis of the current internal delay estimation techniques. The subsystem receives pre-determined times between units and uses these to estimate the internal delays. This estimation is done with a random initialization of the delays (within reasonable margins for the delays). After which this estimation converges towards the real values by minimizing a Frobenius norm between the rank three approximation and the received times. This is elaborated on in the Estimating Internal Delays section. The algorithm can also make use of a regularization term which decreases the time required for the estimation of the delays. The results of the algorithm are discussed in the Implementation section, which consists of a number of MATLAB simulations using the implemented algorithm. Using the results, a conclusion is drawn for the viability of the solution after which a recommendation of future work is given.