In this thesis, the loading characteristics of a crown wall on a rubble mound breakwater are investigated using a 2D physical model. The study examines both overall stability (through sliding) and the temporal and spatial distributions of pressure along the face and base of the crown wall. A range of wave conditions is tested, with particular emphasis on the influence of foundation level on the loading characteristics. Additionally, a second breakwater core is used to assess the impact of permeability on the wave loading characteristics. The findings highlight the significance of both parameters and analyze the discrepancies between predicted and measured maximum horizontal and vertical forces after wave impact. Furthermore, a novel two-step method is proposed to improve existing design methods, enabling more accurate estimation of wave loads.