Growing concerns about elevated nitrate levels in natural springs on the southern slope of the Irazu Volcano, Cartago province in Costa Rica, were the driving force for a multi-disciplinary study on the problem. The region is characterized by its high agricultural output and steep slopes. More than sixty springs located in the area are managed by a large number of local water authorities, ASADAS. The study focused on determining the main sources of nitrate pollution. Anthropological activities such as agricultural practices and domestic actions are found to contribute the most. A multivariate polynomial regression model was used with a large set of parameters. From the results it can be seen that human activities within the by law determined 200 meter radius protection zone around the springs, are most influential on high nitrate concentrations in the springs. Furthermore a stakeholder analysis, fieldwork, financial analysis of alternatives and farmer interviews were performed to produce a comprehensive list of recommendations for the various stakeholders. The recommendations are compiled to ensure a future with clean drinking water for all the citizens in the region.

This research analyses and evaluates the performance of the drainage system in Beira, Mozambique. It considers its formation, maintenance, failure modes and connections, to recommend improvements on its performance. The research identifies six primary failure modes - vegetation overgrowth, human interference, waste accumulation, sedimentation, underdimensioned structures and ’other’ - highlighting the disparities between technical design and real-world complexities. The study quantifies the presence of these failure modes by direct observations and transect walks, and uses hydraulic modeling software, D-FLOW FM 1D2D, to simulate their impact on inundation depths.

The results show that widespread flooding can be found even without failure modes. Additionally, it prioritises the risks of vegetation and human interference. Therefore, it recommends an increase of hydraulic capacity of a part of the system, proactive vegetation management, water level control, and community engagement in system management. It also underscores the importance of early land demarcation in urban planning, the implementation of flexible yet delineated canals, and the involvement of communities in flood adaptation.