TK
T. Kuruoğlu
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Emissions caused by regular vehicles with fossil fuels are problematic for the environment. The integration of electric vehicles in public transportation can potentially cause zero emissions. This paper will focus on the implementation of electric buses together with inductive chargers at bus stops. These chargers will charge the bus battery while passengers enter or leave the bus. This is also known as opportunity charging. Opportunity charging could result in the easier implementation of electric buses within public transportation since it solves the range problem that electric vehicles have. The first parts of this paper will provide a discussion about the powertrain model made in Mat- lab/Simulink. The powertrain model input is the driving cycles from the Arnhem Trolleybus data. The outputs are the energy consumption during the driving cycle and the state of charge of the bus battery. The opportunity charger will then be added to the model to analyze the effects of opportunity charging on the bus. The implementation of opportunity charging increases the operational range of the electric bus, while also lowering the energy consumption. The chargers will operate at a high power rating which spans from 100 kW to 200 kW. These power ratings could cause congestion of the grid. This is why the feasibility of PV systems at bus stops is analyzed using a PV model. A PV system is insufficient to power the chargers on its own. The PV system can still provide a significant percentage of the charger power demand.
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Emissions caused by regular vehicles with fossil fuels are problematic for the environment. The integration of electric vehicles in public transportation can potentially cause zero emissions. This paper will focus on the implementation of electric buses together with inductive chargers at bus stops. These chargers will charge the bus battery while passengers enter or leave the bus. This is also known as opportunity charging. Opportunity charging could result in the easier implementation of electric buses within public transportation since it solves the range problem that electric vehicles have. The first parts of this paper will provide a discussion about the powertrain model made in Mat- lab/Simulink. The powertrain model input is the driving cycles from the Arnhem Trolleybus data. The outputs are the energy consumption during the driving cycle and the state of charge of the bus battery. The opportunity charger will then be added to the model to analyze the effects of opportunity charging on the bus. The implementation of opportunity charging increases the operational range of the electric bus, while also lowering the energy consumption. The chargers will operate at a high power rating which spans from 100 kW to 200 kW. These power ratings could cause congestion of the grid. This is why the feasibility of PV systems at bus stops is analyzed using a PV model. A PV system is insufficient to power the chargers on its own. The PV system can still provide a significant percentage of the charger power demand.
The main purpose of this thesis is the removal of different kinds of artifacts from incoming signals and the identification of relevant information which can be utilized for further analysis. This thesis proposes two designs which are used for the pre-processing of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and the respiratory signal. The ECG signal system design consists of an artifact removal system, a three-step quality check at the initial stage and after pre-processing the raw signal. The respiratory signal system consists of a two-step quality check, a artifact removal part and a part which calculates the respiratory rate from the respiratory signal.
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The main purpose of this thesis is the removal of different kinds of artifacts from incoming signals and the identification of relevant information which can be utilized for further analysis. This thesis proposes two designs which are used for the pre-processing of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and the respiratory signal. The ECG signal system design consists of an artifact removal system, a three-step quality check at the initial stage and after pre-processing the raw signal. The respiratory signal system consists of a two-step quality check, a artifact removal part and a part which calculates the respiratory rate from the respiratory signal.