Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) enable Semantic Web and Linked Data implementations. KOS in terms of the Linked Land Governance Thesaurus (LandVoc) and the Cadastre and Land Administration Thesaurus (CaLAThe) render concepts of the ISO 19152:2024 Land Administration Domain Model. These all support more shared and standardized understandings in the land domain. Concept mapping is presented, and an explicit integration of thesauri and knowledge bases is illustrated for education and community engagement. The paper reflects on the integration of CaLAThe into the LandVoc and AGROVOC context. The establishment of a less strict semantic facility, supporting ad hoc teaching tasks, is motivated.

A code list in Unified Modeling Language (UML), a simple list of values without any structure, can be employed as a simple data type to further capture the semantics of a domain. The code list values as used in international standards (e.g. ISO and OGC) are generally presented without definition, reference to the source of a definition, multi-lingual alternative term support and semantic relationships (e.g. hierarchical, associative). Moreover, managing, implementing, and maintaining UML code lists can be considered as a difficult task since they generally do not provide structured and semantically enriched values. This is also true in the case of ISO 19152:2012 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), which is currently under systematic review and adding more content, meaning and structure to code list values could be considered an improvement. In last decade, there is a growing interest in representing terms as well as code list values using Semantic Web technologies (e.g. RDF, OWL, SKOS, SPARQL) and making them available on a registry (e.g. ISO/TC211 Geolexica, OGC Definitions Server, INSPIRE code list register, BARTOC), including land administration domain (e.g. CaLAThe, LandVoc). However, there is no joint understanding in structuring, extending and maintaining code list values, which may be achieved through an agreed metamodel. Such a metamodel should also provide insight into content, localisation (multi-lingual support), versioning and implementation. The aim of this study is to propose a framework (basically a metamodel) for structuring, extending, maintaining and implementing semantically enriched code lists, and to discuss the application of the proposed framework to be included in the revision of LADM. To achieve this aim, the requirements for refined code list values are firstly collected considering existing thesauri, vocabularies and standards. Subsequently, a metamodel is proposed for the refined code list. The proposed metamodel is applied to a code list of LADM as well as a part of a selected country profile.