Flood risk is increasing under climate change, presenting a significant challenge for adapting buildings. The critical issue lies in deciding whether to retrofit existing structures or rebuild them entirely and determining the most effective retrofitting methods. While numerous papers explore proposed nature-based solutions of green roofs, rain garden, or impervious pavement or engineering measures like embankment installation or drainage pipeline upgrade at city level, limited studies focus specifically on the individual buildings. This chapter shows a research framework that integrates engineering, social science, and architecture disciplines to identify sustainable ways to adapt to climate change and coexist with water, and highlights the contributions of social science approaches to climate adaptation. Besides, this chapter presents preliminary results based on community interviews and a collaborative workshop on co-creation, offering insights into the potential of retrofitting measures to adapt buildings (in addition to neighbourhood) to climate change. The research also highlights the necessary intersection of technical solutions, social dynamics, and architectural innovations, aiming to contribute to a holistic understanding of how buildings can be modified to better withstand the impacts of a changing climate.