This thesis reports on progress in various Nikhef solutions for the alignment of the proposed Compact Linear Collider. Optical three-point-alignment systems are proposed for the small (60 mm), intermediate (2 m) and large (200 m) alignment distances. A projective alignment system
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This thesis reports on progress in various Nikhef solutions for the alignment of the proposed Compact Linear Collider. Optical three-point-alignment systems are proposed for the small (60 mm), intermediate (2 m) and large (200 m) alignment distances. A projective alignment system, called Rasnik and consisting of a back-illuminated chess _eld mask, a lens and an image sensor, is used for the small and intermediate distances. An alignment system that uses diffraction for image generation, called Rasdif and consisting of a diode laser, a diffraction plate and an image sensor, is used on the intermediate and large distances. A 4 m set-up at Nikhef and a 140 m set-up at CERN were used for validation of the performance of the optical alignment systems for the different alignment distances. A 0.5-1 _m resolution is reported for thermally shielded 4 m Rasniks and Rasdifs in open air and a 1.5-2 _m resolution is reported for a 140 m Rasdif in a 1.5 _ 104 mbar vacuum. A Rasdif anomaly was discovered during preliminary measurements on the 4 m set-up: the virtual departure of the spherical waves of light, the point where the waves seem to be coming from, did not coincide with the physical location of the laser. The translation of the image is governed by the translation of this virtual point, whereas governance by the physical point is desired. A Diode Pumped Solid State (DPSS) laser came out as best of measurements that searched for laser with a near virtual point. Translational linearity tests on the 4 m set-up pin the virtual point of departure about 4 cm behind the these lasers. Translational measurements of the 140 m Rasdif show great discrepancies in two separate measurements and this is subject to future investigation. Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) analysis on simulated Rasdif images show the current diffraction plates, with an outer radius of 1.44 mm, have to be scaled to a design with an outer radius of 2.55 mm to obtain images with more gradient energy. For the alignment of the _nal focusing magnets of the collider, position information about the location of these magnets is radially transferred to non-near-vertex locations by Zerodur spokes. The ends of these spokes are then aligned by Rasniks and/ or Rasdifs. Preliminary results of a 1 m Zerodur spoke set-up confirm the zero coffcient of expansion and Young's modulus of the material. Contact repeatability for one end of Zerodur, with a steel semi-sphere glued to it, and a reference block is measured to be within 150-200 nm by a 60 mm Rasnik attached to the other side of the spoke.