S.S. van Dam
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17 records found
1
E-commerce growth has driven a sharp rise in single-use shipping packaging, especially cardboard boxes. While recyclable, cardboard production and recycling still carry hidden costs in energy, water, and CO2 emissions. Circular Shipping Company (CSC) is developing a Product-Service System that replaces disposable boxes with reusable plastic packaging: consumers select reusable packaging at checkout, then return it to nearby drop-off points for cleaning and reuse. Because the packaging is made from polypropylene (PP), which has higher manufacturing impacts than cardboard, achieving a sufficient number of reuse cycles is essential for the system to provide environmental benefits. Consumer adoption and return behaviour are therefore critical to the system’s success.
This project aimed to redesign CSC’s packaging solution to motivate consumer choice and adoption of this circular return system. By analysing the current system from different perspectives concerning packaging design, stakeholder needs, logistical efficiency, environmental performance and consumer behaviour, key challenges were defined and addressed in the packaging redesign.
The redesign introduced a new folding structure to collapse the packaging for return, surface patterns to conceal visible wear, additional information communicating environmental and social efficacy, and opportunities for retailer customisation. Validation showed that the new folding structure successfully improved portability, while the wear-concealing pattern also reduced the visual impact of surface imperfections. However, participants raised concerns about product protection, particularly when repeated use and the new folding structure affected the perceived robustness of the packaging. Potential improvements and future recommendations are then proposed to tackle the remaining packaging- and system-level challenges. ...
This project aimed to redesign CSC’s packaging solution to motivate consumer choice and adoption of this circular return system. By analysing the current system from different perspectives concerning packaging design, stakeholder needs, logistical efficiency, environmental performance and consumer behaviour, key challenges were defined and addressed in the packaging redesign.
The redesign introduced a new folding structure to collapse the packaging for return, surface patterns to conceal visible wear, additional information communicating environmental and social efficacy, and opportunities for retailer customisation. Validation showed that the new folding structure successfully improved portability, while the wear-concealing pattern also reduced the visual impact of surface imperfections. However, participants raised concerns about product protection, particularly when repeated use and the new folding structure affected the perceived robustness of the packaging. Potential improvements and future recommendations are then proposed to tackle the remaining packaging- and system-level challenges. ...
E-commerce growth has driven a sharp rise in single-use shipping packaging, especially cardboard boxes. While recyclable, cardboard production and recycling still carry hidden costs in energy, water, and CO2 emissions. Circular Shipping Company (CSC) is developing a Product-Service System that replaces disposable boxes with reusable plastic packaging: consumers select reusable packaging at checkout, then return it to nearby drop-off points for cleaning and reuse. Because the packaging is made from polypropylene (PP), which has higher manufacturing impacts than cardboard, achieving a sufficient number of reuse cycles is essential for the system to provide environmental benefits. Consumer adoption and return behaviour are therefore critical to the system’s success.
This project aimed to redesign CSC’s packaging solution to motivate consumer choice and adoption of this circular return system. By analysing the current system from different perspectives concerning packaging design, stakeholder needs, logistical efficiency, environmental performance and consumer behaviour, key challenges were defined and addressed in the packaging redesign.
The redesign introduced a new folding structure to collapse the packaging for return, surface patterns to conceal visible wear, additional information communicating environmental and social efficacy, and opportunities for retailer customisation. Validation showed that the new folding structure successfully improved portability, while the wear-concealing pattern also reduced the visual impact of surface imperfections. However, participants raised concerns about product protection, particularly when repeated use and the new folding structure affected the perceived robustness of the packaging. Potential improvements and future recommendations are then proposed to tackle the remaining packaging- and system-level challenges.
This project aimed to redesign CSC’s packaging solution to motivate consumer choice and adoption of this circular return system. By analysing the current system from different perspectives concerning packaging design, stakeholder needs, logistical efficiency, environmental performance and consumer behaviour, key challenges were defined and addressed in the packaging redesign.
The redesign introduced a new folding structure to collapse the packaging for return, surface patterns to conceal visible wear, additional information communicating environmental and social efficacy, and opportunities for retailer customisation. Validation showed that the new folding structure successfully improved portability, while the wear-concealing pattern also reduced the visual impact of surface imperfections. However, participants raised concerns about product protection, particularly when repeated use and the new folding structure affected the perceived robustness of the packaging. Potential improvements and future recommendations are then proposed to tackle the remaining packaging- and system-level challenges.
The growth of the light electric vehicle market has brought transformation to the relationship between bicycles and bike mechanics. The introduction of e-bike motors in the market lead to an eruption in problems that are not manageable for the standard bike repair shop. The explanation for this trend is the difficulty in diagnosis of problems in e-bike motors, which proved to be time consuming and sometimes impossible. Previous research on the matter lacks the specificity to the problems that mechanics in non-specialized repair shops face while dealing with e-bike motors in daily repairs. In this report, the research will be based on direct data from mechanics interviews, used to determine the underlying causes of unhappiness and difficulty in dealing with e-bike motors. Contrary to what could be assumed, bike mechanics are able to fix problems in e-bike motors and are willing to do so if accessibility is improved. The findings indicate that the reason for which they choose not to repair the motors is the lack of time required to spot the fault in such an intricate, “black box” system, that is designed to be as tightly closed as possible. This renders repairs impossibly expensive because they are too intricate and too time-consuming, leading to mechanics’ decision to swap the motor for a new one instead. Making the motor more accessible through self-diagnosis is one solution to this problem.
...
The growth of the light electric vehicle market has brought transformation to the relationship between bicycles and bike mechanics. The introduction of e-bike motors in the market lead to an eruption in problems that are not manageable for the standard bike repair shop. The explanation for this trend is the difficulty in diagnosis of problems in e-bike motors, which proved to be time consuming and sometimes impossible. Previous research on the matter lacks the specificity to the problems that mechanics in non-specialized repair shops face while dealing with e-bike motors in daily repairs. In this report, the research will be based on direct data from mechanics interviews, used to determine the underlying causes of unhappiness and difficulty in dealing with e-bike motors. Contrary to what could be assumed, bike mechanics are able to fix problems in e-bike motors and are willing to do so if accessibility is improved. The findings indicate that the reason for which they choose not to repair the motors is the lack of time required to spot the fault in such an intricate, “black box” system, that is designed to be as tightly closed as possible. This renders repairs impossibly expensive because they are too intricate and too time-consuming, leading to mechanics’ decision to swap the motor for a new one instead. Making the motor more accessible through self-diagnosis is one solution to this problem.
Critical Raw Materials (CRM) in the EU are materials with a high economic impact and a high risk of supply disruptions. Firstly, an increasing number of CRM are required to conduct the Green and Digital transition. Secondly, electrical and electronic waste is an important source of CRM, and the fastest growing waste stream in the EU. Therefore, fostering circular economy and specifically repair among citizens is necessary to preserve resources and to reduce the environmental and social impacts associated with CRM production.
Repair has gained attention from citizens, and this was translated at the EU level through legislation (Right to Repair Directive). Retention of CRM through repair is a solution to further explore to ensure CRM needs are matched in the EU. However, the connection between CRM information and citizens repair habits has not yet been made.
This thesis aims to understand to what extent the strategic and political concept of Critical Raw Materials can influence repair practices of citizens, and particularly their motivation to repair. This leads to the following research question: How to communicate to citizens the relevance of Critical Raw Materials (CRM) to the repair of Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE)?
To understand the repair habits of citizens and how to communicate Critical Raw Materials information, a survey is conducted. It identifies the factors influencing repair habits, identifies to what extent CRM information influences repair habits, and how information around CRM should be communicated to citizens (users of EEE) considering different types of information (environmental information, criticality and dependence information, social/ethical information), in the context of repair for EEE.
A significant positive association was found between repair habits and higher perceived skills, possessing tools, self-efficacy and a significant negative association with concerns about injuries, which indicates that these factors predict repair habits. The CRM concept was known by 71% of the respondents, who related it to batteries and smartphones and 63% considered themselves more likely to repair if they knew about the CRM contained in the product. Framing CRM information on environmental issues is significantly positively associated, and predicts willingness to repair better compared to the other scenarios.
This thesis contributes to circular economy and IE research by studying the connection between the notion of Critical Raw Materials and repair, and the role of this concept in the repair system. In this thesis, I try to contribute to a better integration of the Critical Raw Materials concept into a circular economy, thus trying to improve the alignment between European supported goals of maintaining CRM supply, and consumer movements about the right to repair.
Related dataset 4TU.ResearchData: https://doi.org/10.4121/98e9f16a-157c-4120-9a17-09d0cfee7d91 ...
Repair has gained attention from citizens, and this was translated at the EU level through legislation (Right to Repair Directive). Retention of CRM through repair is a solution to further explore to ensure CRM needs are matched in the EU. However, the connection between CRM information and citizens repair habits has not yet been made.
This thesis aims to understand to what extent the strategic and political concept of Critical Raw Materials can influence repair practices of citizens, and particularly their motivation to repair. This leads to the following research question: How to communicate to citizens the relevance of Critical Raw Materials (CRM) to the repair of Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE)?
To understand the repair habits of citizens and how to communicate Critical Raw Materials information, a survey is conducted. It identifies the factors influencing repair habits, identifies to what extent CRM information influences repair habits, and how information around CRM should be communicated to citizens (users of EEE) considering different types of information (environmental information, criticality and dependence information, social/ethical information), in the context of repair for EEE.
A significant positive association was found between repair habits and higher perceived skills, possessing tools, self-efficacy and a significant negative association with concerns about injuries, which indicates that these factors predict repair habits. The CRM concept was known by 71% of the respondents, who related it to batteries and smartphones and 63% considered themselves more likely to repair if they knew about the CRM contained in the product. Framing CRM information on environmental issues is significantly positively associated, and predicts willingness to repair better compared to the other scenarios.
This thesis contributes to circular economy and IE research by studying the connection between the notion of Critical Raw Materials and repair, and the role of this concept in the repair system. In this thesis, I try to contribute to a better integration of the Critical Raw Materials concept into a circular economy, thus trying to improve the alignment between European supported goals of maintaining CRM supply, and consumer movements about the right to repair.
Related dataset 4TU.ResearchData: https://doi.org/10.4121/98e9f16a-157c-4120-9a17-09d0cfee7d91 ...
Critical Raw Materials (CRM) in the EU are materials with a high economic impact and a high risk of supply disruptions. Firstly, an increasing number of CRM are required to conduct the Green and Digital transition. Secondly, electrical and electronic waste is an important source of CRM, and the fastest growing waste stream in the EU. Therefore, fostering circular economy and specifically repair among citizens is necessary to preserve resources and to reduce the environmental and social impacts associated with CRM production.
Repair has gained attention from citizens, and this was translated at the EU level through legislation (Right to Repair Directive). Retention of CRM through repair is a solution to further explore to ensure CRM needs are matched in the EU. However, the connection between CRM information and citizens repair habits has not yet been made.
This thesis aims to understand to what extent the strategic and political concept of Critical Raw Materials can influence repair practices of citizens, and particularly their motivation to repair. This leads to the following research question: How to communicate to citizens the relevance of Critical Raw Materials (CRM) to the repair of Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE)?
To understand the repair habits of citizens and how to communicate Critical Raw Materials information, a survey is conducted. It identifies the factors influencing repair habits, identifies to what extent CRM information influences repair habits, and how information around CRM should be communicated to citizens (users of EEE) considering different types of information (environmental information, criticality and dependence information, social/ethical information), in the context of repair for EEE.
A significant positive association was found between repair habits and higher perceived skills, possessing tools, self-efficacy and a significant negative association with concerns about injuries, which indicates that these factors predict repair habits. The CRM concept was known by 71% of the respondents, who related it to batteries and smartphones and 63% considered themselves more likely to repair if they knew about the CRM contained in the product. Framing CRM information on environmental issues is significantly positively associated, and predicts willingness to repair better compared to the other scenarios.
This thesis contributes to circular economy and IE research by studying the connection between the notion of Critical Raw Materials and repair, and the role of this concept in the repair system. In this thesis, I try to contribute to a better integration of the Critical Raw Materials concept into a circular economy, thus trying to improve the alignment between European supported goals of maintaining CRM supply, and consumer movements about the right to repair.
Related dataset 4TU.ResearchData: https://doi.org/10.4121/98e9f16a-157c-4120-9a17-09d0cfee7d91
Repair has gained attention from citizens, and this was translated at the EU level through legislation (Right to Repair Directive). Retention of CRM through repair is a solution to further explore to ensure CRM needs are matched in the EU. However, the connection between CRM information and citizens repair habits has not yet been made.
This thesis aims to understand to what extent the strategic and political concept of Critical Raw Materials can influence repair practices of citizens, and particularly their motivation to repair. This leads to the following research question: How to communicate to citizens the relevance of Critical Raw Materials (CRM) to the repair of Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE)?
To understand the repair habits of citizens and how to communicate Critical Raw Materials information, a survey is conducted. It identifies the factors influencing repair habits, identifies to what extent CRM information influences repair habits, and how information around CRM should be communicated to citizens (users of EEE) considering different types of information (environmental information, criticality and dependence information, social/ethical information), in the context of repair for EEE.
A significant positive association was found between repair habits and higher perceived skills, possessing tools, self-efficacy and a significant negative association with concerns about injuries, which indicates that these factors predict repair habits. The CRM concept was known by 71% of the respondents, who related it to batteries and smartphones and 63% considered themselves more likely to repair if they knew about the CRM contained in the product. Framing CRM information on environmental issues is significantly positively associated, and predicts willingness to repair better compared to the other scenarios.
This thesis contributes to circular economy and IE research by studying the connection between the notion of Critical Raw Materials and repair, and the role of this concept in the repair system. In this thesis, I try to contribute to a better integration of the Critical Raw Materials concept into a circular economy, thus trying to improve the alignment between European supported goals of maintaining CRM supply, and consumer movements about the right to repair.
Related dataset 4TU.ResearchData: https://doi.org/10.4121/98e9f16a-157c-4120-9a17-09d0cfee7d91
Developing a non-intrusive diagnostic tool to assess the condition of e-bike motors
A vibration-based tool that helps bike mechanics detect mechanical motor problems without opening the motor
The increasing adoption of e-bikes has resulted in a growing number of electric motors being produced, used, and eventually discarded. These motors are high-value components, yet they are often poorly repairable. When a motor fails, it is usually replaced rather than repaired, even though more than half of the failures are caused by mechanical components that are theoretically repairable. It is not viable for bike mechanics to open or repair motors themselves, but they play an important role in monitoring and diagnosing problems. At the same time, their ability to assess the internal condition of e-bike motors is limited by closed systems, software-based diagnostics, and a lack of mechanical insight.
This project explores how bike mechanics could be better supported in the transition towards a more circular e-bike motor system. The research combines expert interviews, system analysis, technical teardowns, disassembly mapping, and exploratory testing to understand current barriers to repairability and identify opportunities for improvement. The findings show that mechanical failures, particularly in bearings and gears, occur frequently and are often technically repairable. However, limited ability to detect and diagnose the right signals means that motors are often not, or only at a late stage, referred to revision specialists.
Based on these insights, a non-invasive, vibration-based diagnostic concept was developed. The proposed tool enables bike mechanics to measure vibration signals from the outside of the motor and compare them with baseline data from healthy motors. In doing so, it supports mechanical diagnosis and helps mechanics make more informed decisions about follow-up actions. Prototyping and testing demonstrated a proof of principle that vibration analysis can be used to distinguish between healthy and defective motors.
The project also highlights important limitations of the proposed concept. It depends on the availability of reliable baseline data, a well-developed revision infrastructure, and clear responsibility for software and data management. Rather than presenting a final solution, this project provides a research direction, a technical proof of principle, and a system-level perspective on the role of diagnosis in improving e-bike motor repairability. It offers a foundation for further research and development towards a more circular e-bike motor system. ...
This project explores how bike mechanics could be better supported in the transition towards a more circular e-bike motor system. The research combines expert interviews, system analysis, technical teardowns, disassembly mapping, and exploratory testing to understand current barriers to repairability and identify opportunities for improvement. The findings show that mechanical failures, particularly in bearings and gears, occur frequently and are often technically repairable. However, limited ability to detect and diagnose the right signals means that motors are often not, or only at a late stage, referred to revision specialists.
Based on these insights, a non-invasive, vibration-based diagnostic concept was developed. The proposed tool enables bike mechanics to measure vibration signals from the outside of the motor and compare them with baseline data from healthy motors. In doing so, it supports mechanical diagnosis and helps mechanics make more informed decisions about follow-up actions. Prototyping and testing demonstrated a proof of principle that vibration analysis can be used to distinguish between healthy and defective motors.
The project also highlights important limitations of the proposed concept. It depends on the availability of reliable baseline data, a well-developed revision infrastructure, and clear responsibility for software and data management. Rather than presenting a final solution, this project provides a research direction, a technical proof of principle, and a system-level perspective on the role of diagnosis in improving e-bike motor repairability. It offers a foundation for further research and development towards a more circular e-bike motor system. ...
The increasing adoption of e-bikes has resulted in a growing number of electric motors being produced, used, and eventually discarded. These motors are high-value components, yet they are often poorly repairable. When a motor fails, it is usually replaced rather than repaired, even though more than half of the failures are caused by mechanical components that are theoretically repairable. It is not viable for bike mechanics to open or repair motors themselves, but they play an important role in monitoring and diagnosing problems. At the same time, their ability to assess the internal condition of e-bike motors is limited by closed systems, software-based diagnostics, and a lack of mechanical insight.
This project explores how bike mechanics could be better supported in the transition towards a more circular e-bike motor system. The research combines expert interviews, system analysis, technical teardowns, disassembly mapping, and exploratory testing to understand current barriers to repairability and identify opportunities for improvement. The findings show that mechanical failures, particularly in bearings and gears, occur frequently and are often technically repairable. However, limited ability to detect and diagnose the right signals means that motors are often not, or only at a late stage, referred to revision specialists.
Based on these insights, a non-invasive, vibration-based diagnostic concept was developed. The proposed tool enables bike mechanics to measure vibration signals from the outside of the motor and compare them with baseline data from healthy motors. In doing so, it supports mechanical diagnosis and helps mechanics make more informed decisions about follow-up actions. Prototyping and testing demonstrated a proof of principle that vibration analysis can be used to distinguish between healthy and defective motors.
The project also highlights important limitations of the proposed concept. It depends on the availability of reliable baseline data, a well-developed revision infrastructure, and clear responsibility for software and data management. Rather than presenting a final solution, this project provides a research direction, a technical proof of principle, and a system-level perspective on the role of diagnosis in improving e-bike motor repairability. It offers a foundation for further research and development towards a more circular e-bike motor system.
This project explores how bike mechanics could be better supported in the transition towards a more circular e-bike motor system. The research combines expert interviews, system analysis, technical teardowns, disassembly mapping, and exploratory testing to understand current barriers to repairability and identify opportunities for improvement. The findings show that mechanical failures, particularly in bearings and gears, occur frequently and are often technically repairable. However, limited ability to detect and diagnose the right signals means that motors are often not, or only at a late stage, referred to revision specialists.
Based on these insights, a non-invasive, vibration-based diagnostic concept was developed. The proposed tool enables bike mechanics to measure vibration signals from the outside of the motor and compare them with baseline data from healthy motors. In doing so, it supports mechanical diagnosis and helps mechanics make more informed decisions about follow-up actions. Prototyping and testing demonstrated a proof of principle that vibration analysis can be used to distinguish between healthy and defective motors.
The project also highlights important limitations of the proposed concept. It depends on the availability of reliable baseline data, a well-developed revision infrastructure, and clear responsibility for software and data management. Rather than presenting a final solution, this project provides a research direction, a technical proof of principle, and a system-level perspective on the role of diagnosis in improving e-bike motor repairability. It offers a foundation for further research and development towards a more circular e-bike motor system.
The emergence of electronic repair practices in Circular Craft Centres
The barriers, enablers and opportunities for e-repair in Circular Craft Centres in the Netherlands
This study examines the practice of electronics repair within Circular Craft Centres (CCCs), identifying barriers, enablers, and opportunities to support the adoption and scaling of repair practices. The current throwaway consumer society has led to increased waste and e-waste production. This is leading to considerable environmental and human health risks because E-waste is inadequately managed. To counter the problematic developments of the throwaway culture, we need to transition to a circular economy (CE) where resources are reused through strategies such as repair and recycling. Currently there are systematic barriers that prevent the uptake of repair practices in society. Creating a need to gain insights into the complex dynamics of repair practices and what is needed to stimulate their uptake in various forms in society (Yuan, 2023).
CCCs are collaborations between second-hand shops and recycling points, focused on increasing circular practices through repair and reuse. Despite increased interest in CCCs and their potential role in the CE and the efforts of implanting them nationwide, CCCs remain largely understudied. This thesis thus aims to explore the current practices of repair in CCCs and the influences of their embeddedness in the CCC and the broader repair system. CCCs face a lot of practical barriers for the repair and reuse of electronics. This research seeks to address this by examining how CCCs can optimize and upscale electronics repair practices and work towards CE objectives. Therefore, this research aims to answer the following question: What are the current practices of e-repair in Circular Craft Centres (CCCs) in the Netherlands, and how can the growth and scaling of these practices be supported? To address this, the study first seeks to understand the current e-repair practices in CCCs. It then examines the barriers and enablers that influence the potential for scaling these practices. Finally, the findings are used to design tools and services that support CCCs in expanding their e-repair efforts and strengthening their role in a circular economy.
Social practice theory (SPT) was used as framework to analyse the practice of e-repair within CCCs and identify barriers, enablers and opportunities of the adoption and upscaling of the practice. Data was collected through interviews with CCCs and a co-creation session. The results were analysed using SPT concepts such as material, meaning and competences. The findings reveal significant barriers to e-repair in CCCs such as regulatory restrictions, access to spare parts, poor-quality electronics, and low profitability of repaired electronics. These barriers originate in broader systemic regulatory, economic, and cultural contexts. Addressing these barriers requires reforms to align regulations with CE goals, and cultural changes through awareness campaigns and increased accessibility to repair facilities.
A practice-based design approach was employed to design services based on the barriers, enablers and opportunities that were observed. The co-creation session was used to initiate ideas for how to improve e-repair and reuse in CCCs. The barriers, enablers and opportunities were translated into design guidelines. These were used to brainstorm ideas for services and tools. Throughout the process various design tools, such as mind mapping, reverse brainstorming and a decision matrix, were used to develop the final idea. The final idea is the repair hub plan, which outlined services and tools that CCCs can provide to citizens. These services and tools are aimed at stimulating citizens to engage in e-repair by providing free access to tools and knowledge. The plan contains several services, namely a free workspace where citizens can try repair and a tools and electronics rental service for free or low prices. The CCC can also give e-repair workshops and collaborate with educational facilities to exchange resources. CCCs can also hive out repair yourself kits, which challenge customers to repair a broken second-hand electronic product and win a small price. The designed services aim at using the CCCs social and collaborative nature and goals to create a repair hub through which a community of e-repair can emerge, stimulating the upscaling of the e-repair practice. ...
CCCs are collaborations between second-hand shops and recycling points, focused on increasing circular practices through repair and reuse. Despite increased interest in CCCs and their potential role in the CE and the efforts of implanting them nationwide, CCCs remain largely understudied. This thesis thus aims to explore the current practices of repair in CCCs and the influences of their embeddedness in the CCC and the broader repair system. CCCs face a lot of practical barriers for the repair and reuse of electronics. This research seeks to address this by examining how CCCs can optimize and upscale electronics repair practices and work towards CE objectives. Therefore, this research aims to answer the following question: What are the current practices of e-repair in Circular Craft Centres (CCCs) in the Netherlands, and how can the growth and scaling of these practices be supported? To address this, the study first seeks to understand the current e-repair practices in CCCs. It then examines the barriers and enablers that influence the potential for scaling these practices. Finally, the findings are used to design tools and services that support CCCs in expanding their e-repair efforts and strengthening their role in a circular economy.
Social practice theory (SPT) was used as framework to analyse the practice of e-repair within CCCs and identify barriers, enablers and opportunities of the adoption and upscaling of the practice. Data was collected through interviews with CCCs and a co-creation session. The results were analysed using SPT concepts such as material, meaning and competences. The findings reveal significant barriers to e-repair in CCCs such as regulatory restrictions, access to spare parts, poor-quality electronics, and low profitability of repaired electronics. These barriers originate in broader systemic regulatory, economic, and cultural contexts. Addressing these barriers requires reforms to align regulations with CE goals, and cultural changes through awareness campaigns and increased accessibility to repair facilities.
A practice-based design approach was employed to design services based on the barriers, enablers and opportunities that were observed. The co-creation session was used to initiate ideas for how to improve e-repair and reuse in CCCs. The barriers, enablers and opportunities were translated into design guidelines. These were used to brainstorm ideas for services and tools. Throughout the process various design tools, such as mind mapping, reverse brainstorming and a decision matrix, were used to develop the final idea. The final idea is the repair hub plan, which outlined services and tools that CCCs can provide to citizens. These services and tools are aimed at stimulating citizens to engage in e-repair by providing free access to tools and knowledge. The plan contains several services, namely a free workspace where citizens can try repair and a tools and electronics rental service for free or low prices. The CCC can also give e-repair workshops and collaborate with educational facilities to exchange resources. CCCs can also hive out repair yourself kits, which challenge customers to repair a broken second-hand electronic product and win a small price. The designed services aim at using the CCCs social and collaborative nature and goals to create a repair hub through which a community of e-repair can emerge, stimulating the upscaling of the e-repair practice. ...
This study examines the practice of electronics repair within Circular Craft Centres (CCCs), identifying barriers, enablers, and opportunities to support the adoption and scaling of repair practices. The current throwaway consumer society has led to increased waste and e-waste production. This is leading to considerable environmental and human health risks because E-waste is inadequately managed. To counter the problematic developments of the throwaway culture, we need to transition to a circular economy (CE) where resources are reused through strategies such as repair and recycling. Currently there are systematic barriers that prevent the uptake of repair practices in society. Creating a need to gain insights into the complex dynamics of repair practices and what is needed to stimulate their uptake in various forms in society (Yuan, 2023).
CCCs are collaborations between second-hand shops and recycling points, focused on increasing circular practices through repair and reuse. Despite increased interest in CCCs and their potential role in the CE and the efforts of implanting them nationwide, CCCs remain largely understudied. This thesis thus aims to explore the current practices of repair in CCCs and the influences of their embeddedness in the CCC and the broader repair system. CCCs face a lot of practical barriers for the repair and reuse of electronics. This research seeks to address this by examining how CCCs can optimize and upscale electronics repair practices and work towards CE objectives. Therefore, this research aims to answer the following question: What are the current practices of e-repair in Circular Craft Centres (CCCs) in the Netherlands, and how can the growth and scaling of these practices be supported? To address this, the study first seeks to understand the current e-repair practices in CCCs. It then examines the barriers and enablers that influence the potential for scaling these practices. Finally, the findings are used to design tools and services that support CCCs in expanding their e-repair efforts and strengthening their role in a circular economy.
Social practice theory (SPT) was used as framework to analyse the practice of e-repair within CCCs and identify barriers, enablers and opportunities of the adoption and upscaling of the practice. Data was collected through interviews with CCCs and a co-creation session. The results were analysed using SPT concepts such as material, meaning and competences. The findings reveal significant barriers to e-repair in CCCs such as regulatory restrictions, access to spare parts, poor-quality electronics, and low profitability of repaired electronics. These barriers originate in broader systemic regulatory, economic, and cultural contexts. Addressing these barriers requires reforms to align regulations with CE goals, and cultural changes through awareness campaigns and increased accessibility to repair facilities.
A practice-based design approach was employed to design services based on the barriers, enablers and opportunities that were observed. The co-creation session was used to initiate ideas for how to improve e-repair and reuse in CCCs. The barriers, enablers and opportunities were translated into design guidelines. These were used to brainstorm ideas for services and tools. Throughout the process various design tools, such as mind mapping, reverse brainstorming and a decision matrix, were used to develop the final idea. The final idea is the repair hub plan, which outlined services and tools that CCCs can provide to citizens. These services and tools are aimed at stimulating citizens to engage in e-repair by providing free access to tools and knowledge. The plan contains several services, namely a free workspace where citizens can try repair and a tools and electronics rental service for free or low prices. The CCC can also give e-repair workshops and collaborate with educational facilities to exchange resources. CCCs can also hive out repair yourself kits, which challenge customers to repair a broken second-hand electronic product and win a small price. The designed services aim at using the CCCs social and collaborative nature and goals to create a repair hub through which a community of e-repair can emerge, stimulating the upscaling of the e-repair practice.
CCCs are collaborations between second-hand shops and recycling points, focused on increasing circular practices through repair and reuse. Despite increased interest in CCCs and their potential role in the CE and the efforts of implanting them nationwide, CCCs remain largely understudied. This thesis thus aims to explore the current practices of repair in CCCs and the influences of their embeddedness in the CCC and the broader repair system. CCCs face a lot of practical barriers for the repair and reuse of electronics. This research seeks to address this by examining how CCCs can optimize and upscale electronics repair practices and work towards CE objectives. Therefore, this research aims to answer the following question: What are the current practices of e-repair in Circular Craft Centres (CCCs) in the Netherlands, and how can the growth and scaling of these practices be supported? To address this, the study first seeks to understand the current e-repair practices in CCCs. It then examines the barriers and enablers that influence the potential for scaling these practices. Finally, the findings are used to design tools and services that support CCCs in expanding their e-repair efforts and strengthening their role in a circular economy.
Social practice theory (SPT) was used as framework to analyse the practice of e-repair within CCCs and identify barriers, enablers and opportunities of the adoption and upscaling of the practice. Data was collected through interviews with CCCs and a co-creation session. The results were analysed using SPT concepts such as material, meaning and competences. The findings reveal significant barriers to e-repair in CCCs such as regulatory restrictions, access to spare parts, poor-quality electronics, and low profitability of repaired electronics. These barriers originate in broader systemic regulatory, economic, and cultural contexts. Addressing these barriers requires reforms to align regulations with CE goals, and cultural changes through awareness campaigns and increased accessibility to repair facilities.
A practice-based design approach was employed to design services based on the barriers, enablers and opportunities that were observed. The co-creation session was used to initiate ideas for how to improve e-repair and reuse in CCCs. The barriers, enablers and opportunities were translated into design guidelines. These were used to brainstorm ideas for services and tools. Throughout the process various design tools, such as mind mapping, reverse brainstorming and a decision matrix, were used to develop the final idea. The final idea is the repair hub plan, which outlined services and tools that CCCs can provide to citizens. These services and tools are aimed at stimulating citizens to engage in e-repair by providing free access to tools and knowledge. The plan contains several services, namely a free workspace where citizens can try repair and a tools and electronics rental service for free or low prices. The CCC can also give e-repair workshops and collaborate with educational facilities to exchange resources. CCCs can also hive out repair yourself kits, which challenge customers to repair a broken second-hand electronic product and win a small price. The designed services aim at using the CCCs social and collaborative nature and goals to create a repair hub through which a community of e-repair can emerge, stimulating the upscaling of the e-repair practice.
This project addresses the question of how Philips can design and implement an effective divestment experience for Sonicare electric toothbrushes to facilitate and enhance practices in formal collection. Using practice theory as a guiding framework, with practice-oriented design methods as actionable steps, this project explores the divestment of electric toothbrushes as a target practice.
The process began with literature and desk research to understand the broader context, followed by a deep dive into the target practice through historic career analysis, exploration of Philips’ current practices, competitor landscape, and in-depth interviews. Mapping the target practice revealed opportunities for reconfiguration, which were then explored through co-creation sessions with electric toothbrush consumers.
The design concept evolved through one exploration phase and two ideation phases, incorporating consumer feedback at the later stage. The final concept proposes a Philips take-back service consisting of three key intervention stages: Inform & Trigger, Facilitate & Support, and Acknowledge.
The interventions work to reshape the practice of divesting from electric toothbrushes, integrate divestment into the early stages of the purchase and use phases. They ensure that information is provided across multiple touchpoints, collection is facilitated through specially designed packaging and waste storage bags, and consumers’ contributions are acknowledged. This holistic approach aims to make divestment an integrated and rewarding experience, encouraging sustainable behavior through design. ...
The process began with literature and desk research to understand the broader context, followed by a deep dive into the target practice through historic career analysis, exploration of Philips’ current practices, competitor landscape, and in-depth interviews. Mapping the target practice revealed opportunities for reconfiguration, which were then explored through co-creation sessions with electric toothbrush consumers.
The design concept evolved through one exploration phase and two ideation phases, incorporating consumer feedback at the later stage. The final concept proposes a Philips take-back service consisting of three key intervention stages: Inform & Trigger, Facilitate & Support, and Acknowledge.
The interventions work to reshape the practice of divesting from electric toothbrushes, integrate divestment into the early stages of the purchase and use phases. They ensure that information is provided across multiple touchpoints, collection is facilitated through specially designed packaging and waste storage bags, and consumers’ contributions are acknowledged. This holistic approach aims to make divestment an integrated and rewarding experience, encouraging sustainable behavior through design. ...
This project addresses the question of how Philips can design and implement an effective divestment experience for Sonicare electric toothbrushes to facilitate and enhance practices in formal collection. Using practice theory as a guiding framework, with practice-oriented design methods as actionable steps, this project explores the divestment of electric toothbrushes as a target practice.
The process began with literature and desk research to understand the broader context, followed by a deep dive into the target practice through historic career analysis, exploration of Philips’ current practices, competitor landscape, and in-depth interviews. Mapping the target practice revealed opportunities for reconfiguration, which were then explored through co-creation sessions with electric toothbrush consumers.
The design concept evolved through one exploration phase and two ideation phases, incorporating consumer feedback at the later stage. The final concept proposes a Philips take-back service consisting of three key intervention stages: Inform & Trigger, Facilitate & Support, and Acknowledge.
The interventions work to reshape the practice of divesting from electric toothbrushes, integrate divestment into the early stages of the purchase and use phases. They ensure that information is provided across multiple touchpoints, collection is facilitated through specially designed packaging and waste storage bags, and consumers’ contributions are acknowledged. This holistic approach aims to make divestment an integrated and rewarding experience, encouraging sustainable behavior through design.
The process began with literature and desk research to understand the broader context, followed by a deep dive into the target practice through historic career analysis, exploration of Philips’ current practices, competitor landscape, and in-depth interviews. Mapping the target practice revealed opportunities for reconfiguration, which were then explored through co-creation sessions with electric toothbrush consumers.
The design concept evolved through one exploration phase and two ideation phases, incorporating consumer feedback at the later stage. The final concept proposes a Philips take-back service consisting of three key intervention stages: Inform & Trigger, Facilitate & Support, and Acknowledge.
The interventions work to reshape the practice of divesting from electric toothbrushes, integrate divestment into the early stages of the purchase and use phases. They ensure that information is provided across multiple touchpoints, collection is facilitated through specially designed packaging and waste storage bags, and consumers’ contributions are acknowledged. This holistic approach aims to make divestment an integrated and rewarding experience, encouraging sustainable behavior through design.
Reframing borrowing into an inclusive and every day practice
For Amsterdam Zuidoost through a sharing station initiative
This thesis explores how the Bieb der Dingen concept, a sharing station initiative led by the municipality of Amsterdam, can be reframed to make the practice of borrowing more inclusive and better integrated into the daily lives of residents from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds in Amsterdam Zuidoost. Using co-creation methods, the image-stuff-skill framework from Social Practice Theory, and the Practice-Oriented Design process, the project examined existing borrowing practices to identify the barriers and opportunities for the envisioned borrowing practice.
The process revealed that borrowing is often perceived as dependent, burdensome, and linked with responsibility and expectation management (image). This view is influenced by by household context and financial upbringing. Additionally, people find the commercial borrowing options expensive and lacking accessible locations (stuff). Knowing how and where to borrow and to use and take care of items involves specific skills (skills).
This research demonstrates that the positive values linked to the image of ‘’giving’’ can be used as an inspirational lens for brainstorming to reframe borrowing into a more familiar and community-driven practice for residents in Amsterdam Zuidoost.
The final design proposal proposes a shift by incorporating familiar and low-threshold communication aspects, creating a more welcoming space, and focusing on community building, literally sharing the possibilities that come with borrowing together. ...
The process revealed that borrowing is often perceived as dependent, burdensome, and linked with responsibility and expectation management (image). This view is influenced by by household context and financial upbringing. Additionally, people find the commercial borrowing options expensive and lacking accessible locations (stuff). Knowing how and where to borrow and to use and take care of items involves specific skills (skills).
This research demonstrates that the positive values linked to the image of ‘’giving’’ can be used as an inspirational lens for brainstorming to reframe borrowing into a more familiar and community-driven practice for residents in Amsterdam Zuidoost.
The final design proposal proposes a shift by incorporating familiar and low-threshold communication aspects, creating a more welcoming space, and focusing on community building, literally sharing the possibilities that come with borrowing together. ...
This thesis explores how the Bieb der Dingen concept, a sharing station initiative led by the municipality of Amsterdam, can be reframed to make the practice of borrowing more inclusive and better integrated into the daily lives of residents from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds in Amsterdam Zuidoost. Using co-creation methods, the image-stuff-skill framework from Social Practice Theory, and the Practice-Oriented Design process, the project examined existing borrowing practices to identify the barriers and opportunities for the envisioned borrowing practice.
The process revealed that borrowing is often perceived as dependent, burdensome, and linked with responsibility and expectation management (image). This view is influenced by by household context and financial upbringing. Additionally, people find the commercial borrowing options expensive and lacking accessible locations (stuff). Knowing how and where to borrow and to use and take care of items involves specific skills (skills).
This research demonstrates that the positive values linked to the image of ‘’giving’’ can be used as an inspirational lens for brainstorming to reframe borrowing into a more familiar and community-driven practice for residents in Amsterdam Zuidoost.
The final design proposal proposes a shift by incorporating familiar and low-threshold communication aspects, creating a more welcoming space, and focusing on community building, literally sharing the possibilities that come with borrowing together.
The process revealed that borrowing is often perceived as dependent, burdensome, and linked with responsibility and expectation management (image). This view is influenced by by household context and financial upbringing. Additionally, people find the commercial borrowing options expensive and lacking accessible locations (stuff). Knowing how and where to borrow and to use and take care of items involves specific skills (skills).
This research demonstrates that the positive values linked to the image of ‘’giving’’ can be used as an inspirational lens for brainstorming to reframe borrowing into a more familiar and community-driven practice for residents in Amsterdam Zuidoost.
The final design proposal proposes a shift by incorporating familiar and low-threshold communication aspects, creating a more welcoming space, and focusing on community building, literally sharing the possibilities that come with borrowing together.
The VarioVolt project investigates how solar roof tiles can be designed to combine quick installation, durable performance, and circular design. Current in-roof photovoltaic (PV) systems are slow to install and difficult to recycle, often disrupting the workflow familiar to roofers. This research explores how a new polymer-based PV roof tile can address these limitations through design and material innovation.
Three research questions guided the work: improving installation efficiency and usability (RQ1), selecting suitable materials and production methods (RQ2), and developing a recyclable, waterproof connection between the PV laminate and roof tile (RQ3). Comparative installation testing showed that VarioVolt can be installed two to three times faster than the Alegra 10 solar roof tile and approaches the speed of the traditional VHV Vario. The design achieves this through improved cable routing, colour-coded connectors, and a diagonal workflow identical to that of regular roof tiles.
Material and connection studies identified injection-moulded polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate (PCT) as the most promising base material and snap-fit laminate connections as a circular attachment method. The resulting design demonstrates that efficiency and recyclability can reinforce rather than oppose each other in building-integrated photovoltaics. ...
Three research questions guided the work: improving installation efficiency and usability (RQ1), selecting suitable materials and production methods (RQ2), and developing a recyclable, waterproof connection between the PV laminate and roof tile (RQ3). Comparative installation testing showed that VarioVolt can be installed two to three times faster than the Alegra 10 solar roof tile and approaches the speed of the traditional VHV Vario. The design achieves this through improved cable routing, colour-coded connectors, and a diagonal workflow identical to that of regular roof tiles.
Material and connection studies identified injection-moulded polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate (PCT) as the most promising base material and snap-fit laminate connections as a circular attachment method. The resulting design demonstrates that efficiency and recyclability can reinforce rather than oppose each other in building-integrated photovoltaics. ...
The VarioVolt project investigates how solar roof tiles can be designed to combine quick installation, durable performance, and circular design. Current in-roof photovoltaic (PV) systems are slow to install and difficult to recycle, often disrupting the workflow familiar to roofers. This research explores how a new polymer-based PV roof tile can address these limitations through design and material innovation.
Three research questions guided the work: improving installation efficiency and usability (RQ1), selecting suitable materials and production methods (RQ2), and developing a recyclable, waterproof connection between the PV laminate and roof tile (RQ3). Comparative installation testing showed that VarioVolt can be installed two to three times faster than the Alegra 10 solar roof tile and approaches the speed of the traditional VHV Vario. The design achieves this through improved cable routing, colour-coded connectors, and a diagonal workflow identical to that of regular roof tiles.
Material and connection studies identified injection-moulded polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate (PCT) as the most promising base material and snap-fit laminate connections as a circular attachment method. The resulting design demonstrates that efficiency and recyclability can reinforce rather than oppose each other in building-integrated photovoltaics.
Three research questions guided the work: improving installation efficiency and usability (RQ1), selecting suitable materials and production methods (RQ2), and developing a recyclable, waterproof connection between the PV laminate and roof tile (RQ3). Comparative installation testing showed that VarioVolt can be installed two to three times faster than the Alegra 10 solar roof tile and approaches the speed of the traditional VHV Vario. The design achieves this through improved cable routing, colour-coded connectors, and a diagonal workflow identical to that of regular roof tiles.
Material and connection studies identified injection-moulded polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate (PCT) as the most promising base material and snap-fit laminate connections as a circular attachment method. The resulting design demonstrates that efficiency and recyclability can reinforce rather than oppose each other in building-integrated photovoltaics.
From Plants to Plastic Products
Bio-based Plastics for Circular Product Development
Achieving sustainability is an important challenge that requires new approaches to the design and production of materials and products. Bio-based plastics offer a promising opportunity in the search for sustainable materials. Derived from renewable feedstocks such as plants and agricultural waste, they offer an alternative to traditional fossil-based plastics. Yet, despite their potential, bio-based plastics are mainly used in packaging and other short-lived products, and the opportunities of using bio-based plastics in durable products remain largely underexplored.
This dissertation explores how bio-based plastics can be incorporated into the development of durable products for a circular economy. It examines the opportunities, challenges, and decision points faced by product developers when working with bio-based plastics, moving beyond simple material substitution to rethinking product design and development. The dissertation provides practical guidance to support product developers in making informed, sustainable choices when developing durable, circular products with bio-based plastics. ...
This dissertation explores how bio-based plastics can be incorporated into the development of durable products for a circular economy. It examines the opportunities, challenges, and decision points faced by product developers when working with bio-based plastics, moving beyond simple material substitution to rethinking product design and development. The dissertation provides practical guidance to support product developers in making informed, sustainable choices when developing durable, circular products with bio-based plastics. ...
Achieving sustainability is an important challenge that requires new approaches to the design and production of materials and products. Bio-based plastics offer a promising opportunity in the search for sustainable materials. Derived from renewable feedstocks such as plants and agricultural waste, they offer an alternative to traditional fossil-based plastics. Yet, despite their potential, bio-based plastics are mainly used in packaging and other short-lived products, and the opportunities of using bio-based plastics in durable products remain largely underexplored.
This dissertation explores how bio-based plastics can be incorporated into the development of durable products for a circular economy. It examines the opportunities, challenges, and decision points faced by product developers when working with bio-based plastics, moving beyond simple material substitution to rethinking product design and development. The dissertation provides practical guidance to support product developers in making informed, sustainable choices when developing durable, circular products with bio-based plastics.
This dissertation explores how bio-based plastics can be incorporated into the development of durable products for a circular economy. It examines the opportunities, challenges, and decision points faced by product developers when working with bio-based plastics, moving beyond simple material substitution to rethinking product design and development. The dissertation provides practical guidance to support product developers in making informed, sustainable choices when developing durable, circular products with bio-based plastics.
The project was structured according to the double diamond model and has four different phases; discover, define, develop, and deliver (Design Council, n.d.).
The first phase is the discover phase, which started with research on the packaging industry, the context of the project at Oslo Airport, and the eco-impact of packaging. This phase underlined the different beneficial functions of packaging. However, it also showed the massive impact packaging has on damaging our environment and the complexity of the packaging industry. This complexity comes from the different values of stakeholders, but also from a lack of communication, making it hard to implement change in the industry. From an airport operator position, such as Avinor, it is impossible to reach zero packaging waste without collaboration, as essential changes need to be made from the product source up. To tackle and minimize packaging waste it is required to collaborate with stakeholders throughout the whole supply chain, which is why this project highlights collaboration. Nevertheless, there are many circular solutions already available on the market. However, these solutions are not yet fully optimized to reduce CO2 emissions over the entire product life cycle.
This creates a conflict: while reducing packaging waste at Oslo Airport is the main goal of Avinor and this project, it may not always contribute to achieving a net zero footprint, which is the main objective of TULIPS.
While visiting Oslo Airport different problem areas regarding packaging waste at Oslo Airport were identified. These areas are; single-use pallets, milk packaging, secondary packaging, cardboard, plastic foil, waste station layout/signage, and communication.
In the define phase, the goal for the deliverable was set. Since it was discovered that the packaging industry is complex and implementing existing interventions to minimize waste is not always beneficial, a roadmap to a packaging waste-free future was established as one of the design outcomes alongside a concept for one of the problem areas. This roadmap utilizes the research insights to set goals and propose design interventions for packaging waste reduction in operational processes. As for the concept, the direction of redesigning the layout and signage in the waste station was taken. The design goal set was to; “enable workers who are returning packaging solutions to easily detect the designated areas for these items, enhance trust in the circular packaging economy, and increase capacity for future circular solutions”
In the develop phase the concept and the roadmap were drafted and iterations were made after testing. In the deliver phase the outcomes were presented. The concept makes use of different methods of wayfinding, optimizes the space with signage, and proposes a new layout. A visualization of the redesigned waste station is presented at the end of the report.
...
The first phase is the discover phase, which started with research on the packaging industry, the context of the project at Oslo Airport, and the eco-impact of packaging. This phase underlined the different beneficial functions of packaging. However, it also showed the massive impact packaging has on damaging our environment and the complexity of the packaging industry. This complexity comes from the different values of stakeholders, but also from a lack of communication, making it hard to implement change in the industry. From an airport operator position, such as Avinor, it is impossible to reach zero packaging waste without collaboration, as essential changes need to be made from the product source up. To tackle and minimize packaging waste it is required to collaborate with stakeholders throughout the whole supply chain, which is why this project highlights collaboration. Nevertheless, there are many circular solutions already available on the market. However, these solutions are not yet fully optimized to reduce CO2 emissions over the entire product life cycle.
This creates a conflict: while reducing packaging waste at Oslo Airport is the main goal of Avinor and this project, it may not always contribute to achieving a net zero footprint, which is the main objective of TULIPS.
While visiting Oslo Airport different problem areas regarding packaging waste at Oslo Airport were identified. These areas are; single-use pallets, milk packaging, secondary packaging, cardboard, plastic foil, waste station layout/signage, and communication.
In the define phase, the goal for the deliverable was set. Since it was discovered that the packaging industry is complex and implementing existing interventions to minimize waste is not always beneficial, a roadmap to a packaging waste-free future was established as one of the design outcomes alongside a concept for one of the problem areas. This roadmap utilizes the research insights to set goals and propose design interventions for packaging waste reduction in operational processes. As for the concept, the direction of redesigning the layout and signage in the waste station was taken. The design goal set was to; “enable workers who are returning packaging solutions to easily detect the designated areas for these items, enhance trust in the circular packaging economy, and increase capacity for future circular solutions”
In the develop phase the concept and the roadmap were drafted and iterations were made after testing. In the deliver phase the outcomes were presented. The concept makes use of different methods of wayfinding, optimizes the space with signage, and proposes a new layout. A visualization of the redesigned waste station is presented at the end of the report.
...
The project was structured according to the double diamond model and has four different phases; discover, define, develop, and deliver (Design Council, n.d.).
The first phase is the discover phase, which started with research on the packaging industry, the context of the project at Oslo Airport, and the eco-impact of packaging. This phase underlined the different beneficial functions of packaging. However, it also showed the massive impact packaging has on damaging our environment and the complexity of the packaging industry. This complexity comes from the different values of stakeholders, but also from a lack of communication, making it hard to implement change in the industry. From an airport operator position, such as Avinor, it is impossible to reach zero packaging waste without collaboration, as essential changes need to be made from the product source up. To tackle and minimize packaging waste it is required to collaborate with stakeholders throughout the whole supply chain, which is why this project highlights collaboration. Nevertheless, there are many circular solutions already available on the market. However, these solutions are not yet fully optimized to reduce CO2 emissions over the entire product life cycle.
This creates a conflict: while reducing packaging waste at Oslo Airport is the main goal of Avinor and this project, it may not always contribute to achieving a net zero footprint, which is the main objective of TULIPS.
While visiting Oslo Airport different problem areas regarding packaging waste at Oslo Airport were identified. These areas are; single-use pallets, milk packaging, secondary packaging, cardboard, plastic foil, waste station layout/signage, and communication.
In the define phase, the goal for the deliverable was set. Since it was discovered that the packaging industry is complex and implementing existing interventions to minimize waste is not always beneficial, a roadmap to a packaging waste-free future was established as one of the design outcomes alongside a concept for one of the problem areas. This roadmap utilizes the research insights to set goals and propose design interventions for packaging waste reduction in operational processes. As for the concept, the direction of redesigning the layout and signage in the waste station was taken. The design goal set was to; “enable workers who are returning packaging solutions to easily detect the designated areas for these items, enhance trust in the circular packaging economy, and increase capacity for future circular solutions”
In the develop phase the concept and the roadmap were drafted and iterations were made after testing. In the deliver phase the outcomes were presented. The concept makes use of different methods of wayfinding, optimizes the space with signage, and proposes a new layout. A visualization of the redesigned waste station is presented at the end of the report.
The first phase is the discover phase, which started with research on the packaging industry, the context of the project at Oslo Airport, and the eco-impact of packaging. This phase underlined the different beneficial functions of packaging. However, it also showed the massive impact packaging has on damaging our environment and the complexity of the packaging industry. This complexity comes from the different values of stakeholders, but also from a lack of communication, making it hard to implement change in the industry. From an airport operator position, such as Avinor, it is impossible to reach zero packaging waste without collaboration, as essential changes need to be made from the product source up. To tackle and minimize packaging waste it is required to collaborate with stakeholders throughout the whole supply chain, which is why this project highlights collaboration. Nevertheless, there are many circular solutions already available on the market. However, these solutions are not yet fully optimized to reduce CO2 emissions over the entire product life cycle.
This creates a conflict: while reducing packaging waste at Oslo Airport is the main goal of Avinor and this project, it may not always contribute to achieving a net zero footprint, which is the main objective of TULIPS.
While visiting Oslo Airport different problem areas regarding packaging waste at Oslo Airport were identified. These areas are; single-use pallets, milk packaging, secondary packaging, cardboard, plastic foil, waste station layout/signage, and communication.
In the define phase, the goal for the deliverable was set. Since it was discovered that the packaging industry is complex and implementing existing interventions to minimize waste is not always beneficial, a roadmap to a packaging waste-free future was established as one of the design outcomes alongside a concept for one of the problem areas. This roadmap utilizes the research insights to set goals and propose design interventions for packaging waste reduction in operational processes. As for the concept, the direction of redesigning the layout and signage in the waste station was taken. The design goal set was to; “enable workers who are returning packaging solutions to easily detect the designated areas for these items, enhance trust in the circular packaging economy, and increase capacity for future circular solutions”
In the develop phase the concept and the roadmap were drafted and iterations were made after testing. In the deliver phase the outcomes were presented. The concept makes use of different methods of wayfinding, optimizes the space with signage, and proposes a new layout. A visualization of the redesigned waste station is presented at the end of the report.
This master thesis explores the design and implementation of a sustainable, centralised waste logistics system at Oslo Airport. The project aims to address the challenges of waste management in a high-traffic environment by creating a comprehensive product-service system. The focus is on enhancing waste disposal efficiency, ensuring proper waste separation, reducing waste and promoting circularity within the airport terminal.
The literature review, including qualitative research articles and other published texts, established a theoretical foundation for the project. Key themes from the literature include the importance of centralised waste management systems, the role of technology in waste logistics, barriers to keep in mind that could hinder the transition towards circularity, and the significance of stakeholder involvement in designing sustainable solutions. Semi-structured interviews and observations were conducted to gather insights from various stakeholders, such as food and beverage managers, waste collectors, and store employees at Oslo Airport. And also at other, similar locations. These findings underlined the critical need for a streamlined, efficient waste management system that can adapt to the operational complexities of a major international airport. The identified main problem area’s at Oslo Airport were sub-optimal information provision regarding waste management, a lack in motivation among the people to reduce waste and recycle properly and logistical constraints within the airport infrastructure.
The primary research question guiding this thesis is: "How can a comprehensive product-service system be designed to establish a sustainable and centralised internal waste logistics system at Oslo Airport terminal?"
The design outcome of this project is a conceptual service design tailored for Oslo Airport. The proposed service includes a centralised waste disposal intervention in the form of container hubs placed throughout the terminal, a feedback system for improper waste separation, and a weighing solution for waste measurement, supplemented with a financial disincentive mechanism to stimulate waste reduction. The design leverages advanced technologies such as QR codes for traceability of the waste, cloud data storage, and Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) to enhance operational efficiency. The developed service provides a detailed visualisation of the service and its touchpoints, although further physical development and elaboration of certain components are required.
In conclusion, this thesis presents a strategic and innovative solution for waste management at Oslo Airport, emphasizing sustainability and efficiency. The findings highlight the need for further research to generalise the results across different contexts. Future work should focus on the scalability of the proposed system and addressing the technological dependencies to ensure robust and continuous operations. The project demonstrates the potential of a holistic, centralised waste logistics system to transform waste management practices in the aviation industry.
...
The literature review, including qualitative research articles and other published texts, established a theoretical foundation for the project. Key themes from the literature include the importance of centralised waste management systems, the role of technology in waste logistics, barriers to keep in mind that could hinder the transition towards circularity, and the significance of stakeholder involvement in designing sustainable solutions. Semi-structured interviews and observations were conducted to gather insights from various stakeholders, such as food and beverage managers, waste collectors, and store employees at Oslo Airport. And also at other, similar locations. These findings underlined the critical need for a streamlined, efficient waste management system that can adapt to the operational complexities of a major international airport. The identified main problem area’s at Oslo Airport were sub-optimal information provision regarding waste management, a lack in motivation among the people to reduce waste and recycle properly and logistical constraints within the airport infrastructure.
The primary research question guiding this thesis is: "How can a comprehensive product-service system be designed to establish a sustainable and centralised internal waste logistics system at Oslo Airport terminal?"
The design outcome of this project is a conceptual service design tailored for Oslo Airport. The proposed service includes a centralised waste disposal intervention in the form of container hubs placed throughout the terminal, a feedback system for improper waste separation, and a weighing solution for waste measurement, supplemented with a financial disincentive mechanism to stimulate waste reduction. The design leverages advanced technologies such as QR codes for traceability of the waste, cloud data storage, and Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) to enhance operational efficiency. The developed service provides a detailed visualisation of the service and its touchpoints, although further physical development and elaboration of certain components are required.
In conclusion, this thesis presents a strategic and innovative solution for waste management at Oslo Airport, emphasizing sustainability and efficiency. The findings highlight the need for further research to generalise the results across different contexts. Future work should focus on the scalability of the proposed system and addressing the technological dependencies to ensure robust and continuous operations. The project demonstrates the potential of a holistic, centralised waste logistics system to transform waste management practices in the aviation industry.
...
This master thesis explores the design and implementation of a sustainable, centralised waste logistics system at Oslo Airport. The project aims to address the challenges of waste management in a high-traffic environment by creating a comprehensive product-service system. The focus is on enhancing waste disposal efficiency, ensuring proper waste separation, reducing waste and promoting circularity within the airport terminal.
The literature review, including qualitative research articles and other published texts, established a theoretical foundation for the project. Key themes from the literature include the importance of centralised waste management systems, the role of technology in waste logistics, barriers to keep in mind that could hinder the transition towards circularity, and the significance of stakeholder involvement in designing sustainable solutions. Semi-structured interviews and observations were conducted to gather insights from various stakeholders, such as food and beverage managers, waste collectors, and store employees at Oslo Airport. And also at other, similar locations. These findings underlined the critical need for a streamlined, efficient waste management system that can adapt to the operational complexities of a major international airport. The identified main problem area’s at Oslo Airport were sub-optimal information provision regarding waste management, a lack in motivation among the people to reduce waste and recycle properly and logistical constraints within the airport infrastructure.
The primary research question guiding this thesis is: "How can a comprehensive product-service system be designed to establish a sustainable and centralised internal waste logistics system at Oslo Airport terminal?"
The design outcome of this project is a conceptual service design tailored for Oslo Airport. The proposed service includes a centralised waste disposal intervention in the form of container hubs placed throughout the terminal, a feedback system for improper waste separation, and a weighing solution for waste measurement, supplemented with a financial disincentive mechanism to stimulate waste reduction. The design leverages advanced technologies such as QR codes for traceability of the waste, cloud data storage, and Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) to enhance operational efficiency. The developed service provides a detailed visualisation of the service and its touchpoints, although further physical development and elaboration of certain components are required.
In conclusion, this thesis presents a strategic and innovative solution for waste management at Oslo Airport, emphasizing sustainability and efficiency. The findings highlight the need for further research to generalise the results across different contexts. Future work should focus on the scalability of the proposed system and addressing the technological dependencies to ensure robust and continuous operations. The project demonstrates the potential of a holistic, centralised waste logistics system to transform waste management practices in the aviation industry.
The literature review, including qualitative research articles and other published texts, established a theoretical foundation for the project. Key themes from the literature include the importance of centralised waste management systems, the role of technology in waste logistics, barriers to keep in mind that could hinder the transition towards circularity, and the significance of stakeholder involvement in designing sustainable solutions. Semi-structured interviews and observations were conducted to gather insights from various stakeholders, such as food and beverage managers, waste collectors, and store employees at Oslo Airport. And also at other, similar locations. These findings underlined the critical need for a streamlined, efficient waste management system that can adapt to the operational complexities of a major international airport. The identified main problem area’s at Oslo Airport were sub-optimal information provision regarding waste management, a lack in motivation among the people to reduce waste and recycle properly and logistical constraints within the airport infrastructure.
The primary research question guiding this thesis is: "How can a comprehensive product-service system be designed to establish a sustainable and centralised internal waste logistics system at Oslo Airport terminal?"
The design outcome of this project is a conceptual service design tailored for Oslo Airport. The proposed service includes a centralised waste disposal intervention in the form of container hubs placed throughout the terminal, a feedback system for improper waste separation, and a weighing solution for waste measurement, supplemented with a financial disincentive mechanism to stimulate waste reduction. The design leverages advanced technologies such as QR codes for traceability of the waste, cloud data storage, and Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) to enhance operational efficiency. The developed service provides a detailed visualisation of the service and its touchpoints, although further physical development and elaboration of certain components are required.
In conclusion, this thesis presents a strategic and innovative solution for waste management at Oslo Airport, emphasizing sustainability and efficiency. The findings highlight the need for further research to generalise the results across different contexts. Future work should focus on the scalability of the proposed system and addressing the technological dependencies to ensure robust and continuous operations. The project demonstrates the potential of a holistic, centralised waste logistics system to transform waste management practices in the aviation industry.
The full potential of the Dutch residential solar sector is still untapped, as renters face barriers to the adoption of solar PV systems. These barriers are caused by the mismatch between the PV panel lifespan and the rental contract period of rental properties. This thesis studies the implementation of a product-as-a-service business model for the case of balcony PV systems. By virtue of its flexibility, the business model allows tenants to consider solar energy solutions, hence expanding the residential solar PV market. In addition, the business model applies strategies designed to enhance its circularity, which in turn contributes to enhancing the circularity of the Dutch PV sector. Numerous concepts were developed and evaluated to decide on the winning concept, which consists of a compact, modular PV system that can be easily installed on a wide range of balconies while preserving their aesthetics and offering an optional privacy feature. The business model proved to be profitable for both the company and the end-users, with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) in the range of 6.1 and 7.6% and cost savings ranging between 12 and 17 €/year. From an environmental perspective, electricity generated under this business model was found to have an 80% lower carbon footprint than the electricity drawn from the grid. Ultimately, this research offers interested stakeholders a blueprint for a novel application of the product-as-a-service business model, that if put into practice can accelerate the adoption of solar PV solutions.
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The full potential of the Dutch residential solar sector is still untapped, as renters face barriers to the adoption of solar PV systems. These barriers are caused by the mismatch between the PV panel lifespan and the rental contract period of rental properties. This thesis studies the implementation of a product-as-a-service business model for the case of balcony PV systems. By virtue of its flexibility, the business model allows tenants to consider solar energy solutions, hence expanding the residential solar PV market. In addition, the business model applies strategies designed to enhance its circularity, which in turn contributes to enhancing the circularity of the Dutch PV sector. Numerous concepts were developed and evaluated to decide on the winning concept, which consists of a compact, modular PV system that can be easily installed on a wide range of balconies while preserving their aesthetics and offering an optional privacy feature. The business model proved to be profitable for both the company and the end-users, with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) in the range of 6.1 and 7.6% and cost savings ranging between 12 and 17 €/year. From an environmental perspective, electricity generated under this business model was found to have an 80% lower carbon footprint than the electricity drawn from the grid. Ultimately, this research offers interested stakeholders a blueprint for a novel application of the product-as-a-service business model, that if put into practice can accelerate the adoption of solar PV solutions.
The global shift towards sustainability has spotlighted the environmental implications of disposable takeaway coffee cups, particularly their contribution to landfill waste and ocean pollution. This report delves into the pressing challenge of reducing disposable cup waste at Schiphol Airport, especially in light of the impending Dutch regulations effective from 1 January 2024, which prohibit establishments from offering disposable plastic cups for on-site consumption.
Through comprehensive literature review and desktop research, I explored potential market alternatives, analyzing them from regulatory, business, consumer, and sustainability perspectives. My findings suggest that polypropylene (PP) cups are emerging as a preferred alternative to disposable paper cups after considering various factors.
Observations at Schiphol Airport and interviews with passengers provided insights into their preferences and perceived challenges regarding sustainable cup solutions. While there's a general preference for lightweight, portable, and easy-to-dispose cups, some concerns have emerged regarding the cleanliness and hygiene of reusable cups made from new materials, as well as the inconvenience of bringing personal cups to the airport.Stakeholder interviews highlighted challenges they face due to the new regulations, such as limited kitchen space for washing, concerns about brand experience, increased workload for cleaning companies due to improper disposal, and the difficulty of finding a one-size-fits-all solution.
In response to these challenges and insights, I propose a new service system, "Cupmates: Journey to a Zero-Waste Future." This system introduces reusable PP cups, complemented by branded sleeves for various shops, ensuring brand experience. Passengers pay a deposit for the cup and lid, which is refunded upon returning the used items to smart return box equipped with an electronic payment system. An optional QR code provides users with more information about the Cupmates service. The backend process involves a centralized collection, in-airport dishwasher cleaning, and redistribution for the cups.
Feedback from potential users and key stakeholders suggests that this solution is both feasible and viable for airport implementation and satisfactory for passengers. The report also offers recommendations for implementation, ensuring a smooth transition to a more sustainable future at Schiphol Airport. This project offers a possible solution for Schiphol Airport to address the challenges of single-use plastics and transition towards a more sustainable operational model. ...
Through comprehensive literature review and desktop research, I explored potential market alternatives, analyzing them from regulatory, business, consumer, and sustainability perspectives. My findings suggest that polypropylene (PP) cups are emerging as a preferred alternative to disposable paper cups after considering various factors.
Observations at Schiphol Airport and interviews with passengers provided insights into their preferences and perceived challenges regarding sustainable cup solutions. While there's a general preference for lightweight, portable, and easy-to-dispose cups, some concerns have emerged regarding the cleanliness and hygiene of reusable cups made from new materials, as well as the inconvenience of bringing personal cups to the airport.Stakeholder interviews highlighted challenges they face due to the new regulations, such as limited kitchen space for washing, concerns about brand experience, increased workload for cleaning companies due to improper disposal, and the difficulty of finding a one-size-fits-all solution.
In response to these challenges and insights, I propose a new service system, "Cupmates: Journey to a Zero-Waste Future." This system introduces reusable PP cups, complemented by branded sleeves for various shops, ensuring brand experience. Passengers pay a deposit for the cup and lid, which is refunded upon returning the used items to smart return box equipped with an electronic payment system. An optional QR code provides users with more information about the Cupmates service. The backend process involves a centralized collection, in-airport dishwasher cleaning, and redistribution for the cups.
Feedback from potential users and key stakeholders suggests that this solution is both feasible and viable for airport implementation and satisfactory for passengers. The report also offers recommendations for implementation, ensuring a smooth transition to a more sustainable future at Schiphol Airport. This project offers a possible solution for Schiphol Airport to address the challenges of single-use plastics and transition towards a more sustainable operational model. ...
The global shift towards sustainability has spotlighted the environmental implications of disposable takeaway coffee cups, particularly their contribution to landfill waste and ocean pollution. This report delves into the pressing challenge of reducing disposable cup waste at Schiphol Airport, especially in light of the impending Dutch regulations effective from 1 January 2024, which prohibit establishments from offering disposable plastic cups for on-site consumption.
Through comprehensive literature review and desktop research, I explored potential market alternatives, analyzing them from regulatory, business, consumer, and sustainability perspectives. My findings suggest that polypropylene (PP) cups are emerging as a preferred alternative to disposable paper cups after considering various factors.
Observations at Schiphol Airport and interviews with passengers provided insights into their preferences and perceived challenges regarding sustainable cup solutions. While there's a general preference for lightweight, portable, and easy-to-dispose cups, some concerns have emerged regarding the cleanliness and hygiene of reusable cups made from new materials, as well as the inconvenience of bringing personal cups to the airport.Stakeholder interviews highlighted challenges they face due to the new regulations, such as limited kitchen space for washing, concerns about brand experience, increased workload for cleaning companies due to improper disposal, and the difficulty of finding a one-size-fits-all solution.
In response to these challenges and insights, I propose a new service system, "Cupmates: Journey to a Zero-Waste Future." This system introduces reusable PP cups, complemented by branded sleeves for various shops, ensuring brand experience. Passengers pay a deposit for the cup and lid, which is refunded upon returning the used items to smart return box equipped with an electronic payment system. An optional QR code provides users with more information about the Cupmates service. The backend process involves a centralized collection, in-airport dishwasher cleaning, and redistribution for the cups.
Feedback from potential users and key stakeholders suggests that this solution is both feasible and viable for airport implementation and satisfactory for passengers. The report also offers recommendations for implementation, ensuring a smooth transition to a more sustainable future at Schiphol Airport. This project offers a possible solution for Schiphol Airport to address the challenges of single-use plastics and transition towards a more sustainable operational model.
Through comprehensive literature review and desktop research, I explored potential market alternatives, analyzing them from regulatory, business, consumer, and sustainability perspectives. My findings suggest that polypropylene (PP) cups are emerging as a preferred alternative to disposable paper cups after considering various factors.
Observations at Schiphol Airport and interviews with passengers provided insights into their preferences and perceived challenges regarding sustainable cup solutions. While there's a general preference for lightweight, portable, and easy-to-dispose cups, some concerns have emerged regarding the cleanliness and hygiene of reusable cups made from new materials, as well as the inconvenience of bringing personal cups to the airport.Stakeholder interviews highlighted challenges they face due to the new regulations, such as limited kitchen space for washing, concerns about brand experience, increased workload for cleaning companies due to improper disposal, and the difficulty of finding a one-size-fits-all solution.
In response to these challenges and insights, I propose a new service system, "Cupmates: Journey to a Zero-Waste Future." This system introduces reusable PP cups, complemented by branded sleeves for various shops, ensuring brand experience. Passengers pay a deposit for the cup and lid, which is refunded upon returning the used items to smart return box equipped with an electronic payment system. An optional QR code provides users with more information about the Cupmates service. The backend process involves a centralized collection, in-airport dishwasher cleaning, and redistribution for the cups.
Feedback from potential users and key stakeholders suggests that this solution is both feasible and viable for airport implementation and satisfactory for passengers. The report also offers recommendations for implementation, ensuring a smooth transition to a more sustainable future at Schiphol Airport. This project offers a possible solution for Schiphol Airport to address the challenges of single-use plastics and transition towards a more sustainable operational model.
A Co-Creation Approach Towards Gas-Free Homes in the Netherlands
Investigating how municipalities can use co-creation practices in transitioning towards a gas-free future
Dutch national policy states a goal to rid 7 million homes of natural gas by 2050. Municipalities, along with inhabitants, will determine what is the best alternative technology for gas heating.
There are many challenges to this as municipalities must adapt to a relatively new role and subject matter, coordinate with the inhabitants within their jurisdiction, and ensure that it is economically feasible. This transition towards a sustainable future requires reimagining a whole industry, as well as, the relationship between municipality and inhabitants. This is something that cannot be addressed as an individual, but with the collaboration of numerous stakeholders. Design co-creation is emerging as necessary in complex issues. Using co-creation means considering how to connect different stakeholders, and facilitate collaboration and expression of deeper emotional needs of the participants of co-creation. This project explores how co-creation can support municipalities in achieving their goal of transitioning homes away from gas.
Frame Innovation provides the main structure for this project. First, there is an analysis of the problem situation. Various methods are used for this, for example, interviews were held with important stakeholders in the energy transition and experts in co-creation — civil servants at the municipality level, homeowners, and designers. Second, a frame is presented that explores solutions through a metaphor. The frame was crafted by exploring stakeholders and their underlying values, needs, and motivation. Finally, the frame is used towards designing new solutions. The third section of the project presents the final design concept.
The proposed design concept presented here is a mentorship program called ‘Plan-It Together’. This program is designed for municipalities to support homeowners in adapting their homes so that they are well insulated and are heated using sustainable options. The program connects homeowners who have not made their homes gas-free ready yet, but would like to (mentees), with those in the community who already have (mentor). The program consists of a series of workshops with a complementary toolkit. An implementation roadmap that outlines a plan for a pilot and ways to evaluate it was created. The design concept and roadmap were tested with civil servants and homeowners. ...
There are many challenges to this as municipalities must adapt to a relatively new role and subject matter, coordinate with the inhabitants within their jurisdiction, and ensure that it is economically feasible. This transition towards a sustainable future requires reimagining a whole industry, as well as, the relationship between municipality and inhabitants. This is something that cannot be addressed as an individual, but with the collaboration of numerous stakeholders. Design co-creation is emerging as necessary in complex issues. Using co-creation means considering how to connect different stakeholders, and facilitate collaboration and expression of deeper emotional needs of the participants of co-creation. This project explores how co-creation can support municipalities in achieving their goal of transitioning homes away from gas.
Frame Innovation provides the main structure for this project. First, there is an analysis of the problem situation. Various methods are used for this, for example, interviews were held with important stakeholders in the energy transition and experts in co-creation — civil servants at the municipality level, homeowners, and designers. Second, a frame is presented that explores solutions through a metaphor. The frame was crafted by exploring stakeholders and their underlying values, needs, and motivation. Finally, the frame is used towards designing new solutions. The third section of the project presents the final design concept.
The proposed design concept presented here is a mentorship program called ‘Plan-It Together’. This program is designed for municipalities to support homeowners in adapting their homes so that they are well insulated and are heated using sustainable options. The program connects homeowners who have not made their homes gas-free ready yet, but would like to (mentees), with those in the community who already have (mentor). The program consists of a series of workshops with a complementary toolkit. An implementation roadmap that outlines a plan for a pilot and ways to evaluate it was created. The design concept and roadmap were tested with civil servants and homeowners. ...
Dutch national policy states a goal to rid 7 million homes of natural gas by 2050. Municipalities, along with inhabitants, will determine what is the best alternative technology for gas heating.
There are many challenges to this as municipalities must adapt to a relatively new role and subject matter, coordinate with the inhabitants within their jurisdiction, and ensure that it is economically feasible. This transition towards a sustainable future requires reimagining a whole industry, as well as, the relationship between municipality and inhabitants. This is something that cannot be addressed as an individual, but with the collaboration of numerous stakeholders. Design co-creation is emerging as necessary in complex issues. Using co-creation means considering how to connect different stakeholders, and facilitate collaboration and expression of deeper emotional needs of the participants of co-creation. This project explores how co-creation can support municipalities in achieving their goal of transitioning homes away from gas.
Frame Innovation provides the main structure for this project. First, there is an analysis of the problem situation. Various methods are used for this, for example, interviews were held with important stakeholders in the energy transition and experts in co-creation — civil servants at the municipality level, homeowners, and designers. Second, a frame is presented that explores solutions through a metaphor. The frame was crafted by exploring stakeholders and their underlying values, needs, and motivation. Finally, the frame is used towards designing new solutions. The third section of the project presents the final design concept.
The proposed design concept presented here is a mentorship program called ‘Plan-It Together’. This program is designed for municipalities to support homeowners in adapting their homes so that they are well insulated and are heated using sustainable options. The program connects homeowners who have not made their homes gas-free ready yet, but would like to (mentees), with those in the community who already have (mentor). The program consists of a series of workshops with a complementary toolkit. An implementation roadmap that outlines a plan for a pilot and ways to evaluate it was created. The design concept and roadmap were tested with civil servants and homeowners.
There are many challenges to this as municipalities must adapt to a relatively new role and subject matter, coordinate with the inhabitants within their jurisdiction, and ensure that it is economically feasible. This transition towards a sustainable future requires reimagining a whole industry, as well as, the relationship between municipality and inhabitants. This is something that cannot be addressed as an individual, but with the collaboration of numerous stakeholders. Design co-creation is emerging as necessary in complex issues. Using co-creation means considering how to connect different stakeholders, and facilitate collaboration and expression of deeper emotional needs of the participants of co-creation. This project explores how co-creation can support municipalities in achieving their goal of transitioning homes away from gas.
Frame Innovation provides the main structure for this project. First, there is an analysis of the problem situation. Various methods are used for this, for example, interviews were held with important stakeholders in the energy transition and experts in co-creation — civil servants at the municipality level, homeowners, and designers. Second, a frame is presented that explores solutions through a metaphor. The frame was crafted by exploring stakeholders and their underlying values, needs, and motivation. Finally, the frame is used towards designing new solutions. The third section of the project presents the final design concept.
The proposed design concept presented here is a mentorship program called ‘Plan-It Together’. This program is designed for municipalities to support homeowners in adapting their homes so that they are well insulated and are heated using sustainable options. The program connects homeowners who have not made their homes gas-free ready yet, but would like to (mentees), with those in the community who already have (mentor). The program consists of a series of workshops with a complementary toolkit. An implementation roadmap that outlines a plan for a pilot and ways to evaluate it was created. The design concept and roadmap were tested with civil servants and homeowners.
Master thesis
(2022)
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L. Roos zich noemende en schrijvende Lindgreen, L.F.C.M. van Oers, S.S. van Dam
In current LCA studies, the environmental footprint of transport processes is calculated using the weight of the product and the distance travelled. This cannot be considered accurate for returnable packagings that reduce in volume when empty. The weight of the freight as well as the number of trips needed varies and is not taken into account in that calculation. In this research an Excel tool is developed based on an existing CO2 calculation tool created by Partners for Innovation where reduction in volume is taken into account for the environmental calculation of the transportation processes. A factor of reduction of volume is created, which describes to what extent the packaging nests or folds when empty. Next, a calculation is performed that states whether and how many extra trips are needed because of inefficient stacking, or how many trips are saved because of efficient stacking. All of the aforementioned data is used to create a final factor which is in turn multiplied by the amount of ton kilometre in the original calculation. Applying data of fictitious scenarios to the tool shows that the new calculation gives a more precise result regarding CO2 emissions. Furthermore, it shows that nesting of packagings makes a significant positive impact on the CO2 emission as it reduces the number of trips needed to transport the packagings. Lastly, a real-life scenario validates the applicability of the tool in a real situation.
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In current LCA studies, the environmental footprint of transport processes is calculated using the weight of the product and the distance travelled. This cannot be considered accurate for returnable packagings that reduce in volume when empty. The weight of the freight as well as the number of trips needed varies and is not taken into account in that calculation. In this research an Excel tool is developed based on an existing CO2 calculation tool created by Partners for Innovation where reduction in volume is taken into account for the environmental calculation of the transportation processes. A factor of reduction of volume is created, which describes to what extent the packaging nests or folds when empty. Next, a calculation is performed that states whether and how many extra trips are needed because of inefficient stacking, or how many trips are saved because of efficient stacking. All of the aforementioned data is used to create a final factor which is in turn multiplied by the amount of ton kilometre in the original calculation. Applying data of fictitious scenarios to the tool shows that the new calculation gives a more precise result regarding CO2 emissions. Furthermore, it shows that nesting of packagings makes a significant positive impact on the CO2 emission as it reduces the number of trips needed to transport the packagings. Lastly, a real-life scenario validates the applicability of the tool in a real situation.
Although manufacturers, designers, product/service providers are innovating for more sustainable products and business models to promote sustainable consumption, there are still gaps between satisfactory user experience and real-sustainable use behaviours. HOMIE.B.V offers pay-per-use household appliances and services to stimulate sustainable user behaviours and aims to achieve a more sustainable white goods industry. The company developed its pay-per-use washing machine model and now introduces a pay-per-use dryer model. However, the service needs to be further developed, and the specific influencing factors of sustainable dryer use behaviours are still unclear. This thesis aimed to figure out the influencing factors in dryer use experiences and investigate how to persuade the users to use a pay-per-use dryer more sustainably. From a literature review and twelve customer interviews, the key influencing factors in accepting and performing sustainable dryer use behaviours were investigated and concluded into a behaviour model. A usage data analysis further proved that financial concern is not a deciding factor of performing sustainable actions, but the convenience concern is. The drivers and barriers generated the design challenge and design requirements, which contribute as a guideline to the design solution. The final design is a service strategy called HOMIE STAR plan, which uses a mobile app as a communication channel for providing a set of services. The service plan has two phases: the onboarding month and every 6-month evaluation. Customers can learn how to make use of the services and tools to dry their laundry sustainably and conveniently in the onboarding month and achieve sustainable goals by becoming a good laundry organizer in daily use. The service patterns to help customers perform sustainable dryer use behaviours are (1)dryer setting instructions with environmental impact; (2) a HOMIE Planner with sustainable-oriented recommendation system that connects to customers' daily schedule; (3)a community with quick Q&A and tips sharing; (4) a rewarding system with usage cost details. The prototyped concept and implementation suggestions were proposed and validated through interviews with potential dryer users, existing HOMIE customers, and HOMIE employees. HOMIE STAR plan made use of the identified influencing factors to persuade users to perform sustainable dryer use behaviours and meanwhile developed HOMIE's pay-per-use model services. The strategy provided HOMIE with a future direction of realizing its service value and sustainable goals on a larger scale and longer-term and suggested potential collaboration opportunities to influence other parts in the supply chain of the white goods industry. The project is focused explicitly on the pay-per-use dryer model but keeps an eye on the entire service of the company. The identified influencing factors and results can inspire other companies who are also trying to stimulate sustainable user behaviours.
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Although manufacturers, designers, product/service providers are innovating for more sustainable products and business models to promote sustainable consumption, there are still gaps between satisfactory user experience and real-sustainable use behaviours. HOMIE.B.V offers pay-per-use household appliances and services to stimulate sustainable user behaviours and aims to achieve a more sustainable white goods industry. The company developed its pay-per-use washing machine model and now introduces a pay-per-use dryer model. However, the service needs to be further developed, and the specific influencing factors of sustainable dryer use behaviours are still unclear. This thesis aimed to figure out the influencing factors in dryer use experiences and investigate how to persuade the users to use a pay-per-use dryer more sustainably. From a literature review and twelve customer interviews, the key influencing factors in accepting and performing sustainable dryer use behaviours were investigated and concluded into a behaviour model. A usage data analysis further proved that financial concern is not a deciding factor of performing sustainable actions, but the convenience concern is. The drivers and barriers generated the design challenge and design requirements, which contribute as a guideline to the design solution. The final design is a service strategy called HOMIE STAR plan, which uses a mobile app as a communication channel for providing a set of services. The service plan has two phases: the onboarding month and every 6-month evaluation. Customers can learn how to make use of the services and tools to dry their laundry sustainably and conveniently in the onboarding month and achieve sustainable goals by becoming a good laundry organizer in daily use. The service patterns to help customers perform sustainable dryer use behaviours are (1)dryer setting instructions with environmental impact; (2) a HOMIE Planner with sustainable-oriented recommendation system that connects to customers' daily schedule; (3)a community with quick Q&A and tips sharing; (4) a rewarding system with usage cost details. The prototyped concept and implementation suggestions were proposed and validated through interviews with potential dryer users, existing HOMIE customers, and HOMIE employees. HOMIE STAR plan made use of the identified influencing factors to persuade users to perform sustainable dryer use behaviours and meanwhile developed HOMIE's pay-per-use model services. The strategy provided HOMIE with a future direction of realizing its service value and sustainable goals on a larger scale and longer-term and suggested potential collaboration opportunities to influence other parts in the supply chain of the white goods industry. The project is focused explicitly on the pay-per-use dryer model but keeps an eye on the entire service of the company. The identified influencing factors and results can inspire other companies who are also trying to stimulate sustainable user behaviours.
The aim of this project was to design an end-of-use experience in a circular economy for the Apple iPhone. The main challenge was to find out what the obstacles were at the end-of-use. During this research it became clear that many consumers don’t do anything with their old phone when they buy a new one. These old iPhones are left forgotten in drawers. For a circular economy to work, consumers need to bring back their old phones to the store. In this way, valuable material won’t go to waste. To understand the user’s perspective, in dept interviews have been performed. It showed from these interviews that many users keep an old phone as a spare phone for when their current phone dies. But that after some time, these spare phones get “replaced” by other old phones. In this way the drawer with old phones is being created. After a while, these phones are left forgotten. The users often don’t know what data is on these phones. They don’t know what to do with it but can’t take distance from it. After the consumer research, the design goal of this research was created: “Users should be able to comfortably and efficiently back-up their data and then delete their personal information, while feeling reassured and confident. The interaction should become a trustworthy and standard operation”. The focus of the project was backing-up data from the iPhone, so that the users could feel reassured and confident about deleting data from their old phones, because they had stored their data somewhere save. This resulted in the final design of this project: BackUps. BackUps is an app where all old iPhones a user has had, are stored. The iPhones stored in BackUps are looking the same as they were when they were in use. To have this overview of old phones, the user might become less attached to the physical device, because they now see that all data has been stored in the BackUps. The data stored is stored in the iCloud. An implementation plan is also given. When users return their phone to the store, they will get storage as an incentive. This storage can be used for the data of their old phones.
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The aim of this project was to design an end-of-use experience in a circular economy for the Apple iPhone. The main challenge was to find out what the obstacles were at the end-of-use. During this research it became clear that many consumers don’t do anything with their old phone when they buy a new one. These old iPhones are left forgotten in drawers. For a circular economy to work, consumers need to bring back their old phones to the store. In this way, valuable material won’t go to waste. To understand the user’s perspective, in dept interviews have been performed. It showed from these interviews that many users keep an old phone as a spare phone for when their current phone dies. But that after some time, these spare phones get “replaced” by other old phones. In this way the drawer with old phones is being created. After a while, these phones are left forgotten. The users often don’t know what data is on these phones. They don’t know what to do with it but can’t take distance from it. After the consumer research, the design goal of this research was created: “Users should be able to comfortably and efficiently back-up their data and then delete their personal information, while feeling reassured and confident. The interaction should become a trustworthy and standard operation”. The focus of the project was backing-up data from the iPhone, so that the users could feel reassured and confident about deleting data from their old phones, because they had stored their data somewhere save. This resulted in the final design of this project: BackUps. BackUps is an app where all old iPhones a user has had, are stored. The iPhones stored in BackUps are looking the same as they were when they were in use. To have this overview of old phones, the user might become less attached to the physical device, because they now see that all data has been stored in the BackUps. The data stored is stored in the iCloud. An implementation plan is also given. When users return their phone to the store, they will get storage as an incentive. This storage can be used for the data of their old phones.