The Dutch Delta region has a rich history deeply intertwined with water, which has shaped its cultural identity. However, a growing separation between heritage preservation and watermanagement, coupled with the challenges of climate change and rapid urbanization, presents a critical problem. It not only threatens the relationship between people and water but also affects the preservation of both watermanagement and maritime heritage, weakening regional identity. In addition, this separation also causes heritage to be left out of discussions about delta planning, hindering the exploration of water’s potential to link watermanagement and maritime heritage sites and connect the past to the present. This problem raises a fundamental question:
‘How can adaptation, preservation, and reuse of the uiterwaarden reactivate and strengthen the relationship between people and the water of the Dutch Delta?’
The key to addressing this question lies in understanding the historical and cultural significance of water to the inhabitants of the Dutch delta, and how it has shaped the uiterwaarden. The uiterwaarden in urbanized areas acts at present as a physical barrier between people and water due to their assigned industrial and watermanagement functions. However, in the face of a changing industrial landscape, the connection these sites have to water and to history might also give them the potential to connect people to water again. Thus, strengthening regional identity and preserving both watermanagement- and maritime heritage.

Human civilization is intricately woven with the thread of progress—a relentless pursuit that has fueled societal advancements, technological breakthroughs, and intellectual evolution. Every quest for improvement is simultaneously reflected in architecture. Every shift in development generates new spatial needs, which would subsequently generate new structural and building typologies. With the arrival of the Industrial era, the need for massive and well-lit spaces where laborers could manufacture and process goods generated a new typology – the industrial halls. These buildings are characterized by a practical, utilitarian architecture, expressed by inexpensive materials, most of the time locally sourced, such as bricks or timber. In many cases, skylights were used to provide light, or a combination of wall and ceiling openings. Given the large volume of materials and need for transportations, a large part of industrial halls would be located close to large port cities and waterbodies, such as canals or rivers, thus being predominantly in outer dike zones (den Boer, A. 2020). In time, the halls grew larger and taller, answering to the new industrial production challenges, primarily bigger machinery, faster production and increased workforce. In most of the cases, the old industrial halls would be fully or partially demolished with the goal of enlargement. An unfortunate consequence of production development was the loss of the initial industrial halls that were on site. The flourishing industrial period would start its decline in the end of the 20th century, when globalized production would foster the factory owners to move their production to other countries with cheaper material and labor cost, thus rendering many industrial sites abandoned and creating a period of economic uncertainties. Companies like Nedstaal, Kloos, Oude Werf. were either closed or bought off by other companies (den Boer). Neglection and decay would tower over most of these plants. In the 20th century, Dutch industrial halls represented a whole amplitude of feelings for the settlements around them. In the case of Alblasserwaardt (located in the industrial region of Rotterdam and Dordrecht), the sentiment towards industries transcended into multiple attitudes, them being seen first as a source of income and pride in technological development (den Boer), followed by a negative attitude after the factories migrated to cheaper countries and finally, culminating in a sentiment of nostalgia and pride for the older times and accomplishments. In the case of Sliedrecht, the dredging industry molded the inhabitants’ identity, household culture and belief, every family having at least one member that employed in dredging. The same occurrence is discussed in Ivan Nevzgodin’s paper on adaptive reuse of industrial architecture (2016). Besides the fact that water represented a geographical opportunity (efficient transport of goods), it was still the main threat for industry because of potential floods (Han Meyer 2016). With growing industry, riverbeds have been dredged, more saltwater reached deeper inland and soil deterioration appeared more often in outer dike zones. With the rising sea levels and threat to the Dutch delta regions, outer-dike industrial zones experience an elevated risk of flooding and deterioration (KNMI, 2014). Therefore, it is pivotal to focus on an adaptable architectural strategy conscious towards the flood risk and other outer dike related risks. The term of adaptability or adaptable reuse is in the research scene for half a century already (B. Plevoets 2014) nevertheless, due to its polyvalent meaning, no precise definition is accepted (Meyer, 2020). In term of architecture one could see adaptability as a durable transformation design, or perhaps a design that answers to its user’s needs in different manners and phases. An exact definition is provided in the methodology of this research. This paper investigates the integration of adaptability as a key value in the transformation design process of outer dike industrial halls, ensuring their continued relevance in the modern urban context. Based on Redeker’s research on urban floods in Rhine cities (Redeker, 2018), every development in outer dike zones must have a high degree of adaptation. The term would encompass several fields, notably environment and heritage adaptation. Drawing from architectural, historical, and urban development perspectives, this paper establishes a foundation for understanding adaptability as a key criterion in the building value assessment of industrial heritage. By proposing design guidelines, it aims to contribute to the discourse surrounding the sustainable and resilient revitalization of these unique and historically rich urban landscapes. Therefore, the research adopts the subsequent question: How can adaptability be integrated in the transformation process of the 20th century outer dike industrial halls? With the following sub questions: 1. What is the current state of affairs regarding the 20th century outer-dike industrial halls? 2. What challenges are posed when designing in outer dike regions? 3. How can adaptability be integrated in industrial heritage value assessment?

The central topic of this research paper is interior circulation design, particularly within the museum building typology. Investigated is how the interior circulation influences the narrative of the exhibition. The main question is 'How can interior circulation design support the story of the museum?' To answer this question a literature study is conducted. Varies types of museum layout organization and arrangement of exhibition spaces are illustrated as well as potentials to facilitate storytelling through circulation design. The aim is to present a framework of circulationtypes and their characteristics, which can be applied on case studies and new designs. The paper includes one specific case study analysis of the dredginmuseum in Sliedrecht. Resulting in a proposal for a renewed dredging museum, housed in the formar dwelling of the Volkers family and an extension with pavilion and martime shipshed.

'The throughline' is a concept for a renewed and extended dredging museum in Sliedrecht, combining all the aspects of dredging with the aspects of the terrain.

Industrial shipyards form a unique legacy of architecture and engineering in the industrial heritage field. They are the tangible and vivid remains of the industrial ages. The appreciation and importance of the transformation and reuse of industrial shipyards in the Netherlands has significantly risen in the last three decades. However, there are places where the ongoing process has come to an end and the appreciation and sense of historical continuity has disappeared. Many industrial shipyards fell into decline in the second half of the 20th century as industrialized economies started to decline. The abandonment that followed de-industrialization poses great challenges to the redevelopment of industrial shipyards.

The project Makersdorp Kloos proposes a redesign for the maritime complex of the former Kloos site in Alblasserdam in its urban context and landscape setting. The design features co-living and designing your own spaces together with your neighbours.

The abandoned Kloos & Zonen industrial waterfront in Alblasserdam creates a tangible link to its former workers community, embodying a rich blend of industrial and cultural heritage. Despite these heritage values present, the workers community is slowly disappearing and with them their cultural heritage and narratives. While the industrial heritage often takes precedence, numerous cultural narratives often remain untold, despite shaping local culture. This research aims to uncover these untold stories and cultural themes connected to the former workers community of the Kloos Industrial waterfront.

As far as a historic city is concerned, a city is a dynamic complex which consists of many different interrelated and interactive elements. It is unreasonable to assess urban heritage by using a single value category. The evaluation of urban heritage values needs to develop a theoretical framework to represent the relationships between different elements. In view of the above issues, there is so far still a lack of systematic study on urban heritage values in Chinese academic circles. Therefore, it is necessary to construct the value system of urban heritage by adopting a scientific method.

This study aims to build up an integrated value system to facilitate the identification of urban heritage values, so that the complexity of urban heritage values is revealed through connections of different elements. The research work includes theoretical construction and a case study. First, the HUL is interpreted as a method of spatialtemporal scale by discussing the philosophical framework of HUL. Based on this finding, the gap between HUL at the operational level and the heritage value theories is filled. Second, as a case study, the analysis of the ancient city Suzhou is a verification of the value system of urban heritage in the practical sense. It also proves that the constructed value system is reasonable and achievable for urban conservation in the Chinese context.

Built in the time-specific context of the seventies, the project of Lunetten is an interesting example of residential innovation in the Netherlands. Nominated experimental by the Dutch Experimental Housing Program of 1968- 1980, for its implementation of the design methods of Stitching Architecten Research (SAR), this project shows an early attempt at designing for adaptability with the separate design layers of a public urban tissue, a communal support structure and a private infill. This thesis aims to investigate how durable the experimental adaptability is in the project of Lunetten. More specifically it examines on one side the development of the physical infill structure and on the other side the progress of the infill concept over time. Firstly, the research concludes that apart from façade adaptations, the infill of Lunetten has not managed to adapt in the way it was intended. This because the infill structures of the dwellings either have remained unchanged since its construction or have been completely removed and replaced. Nevertheless, the project’s development also shows that the structure of the support indeed is flexible for change, even if it’s not through adapting the original infills. Secondly, the research finds that the quality of the infill concept has improved over time, with a professionalised design process and separate technical developments. At the same time it becomes clear that the technical coordination and coherence of the infill, have not yet reached its full potential in the Netherlands.

Unfortunately a lot of post-war buildings are considered space makers for newly builds, due to current norms and regulations. This results in demolition, which is harmful with the ever changing taste in architecture. A lot of public buildings along the Wibautstraat originate from after the second world war. These Post-war buildings correspond to social and economic events throughout history and represent their architectural zeitgeist. This research will look at the correlation between the urban development of Wibautstraat and the public buildings along the street. Answering the question: How did architecture contribute to reshaping Wibautstraat over the years?
Several architectural movements were accruing in the street after the war. For example upcoming functional architecture which was contradicting to traditional architecture, popular in the 50’s, and later on modern architecture, which was popular in the 60’s. Municipal institutions were placed at the head of Wibautstraat, creating a grand allure within the street, creating a monumental gate into the city centre. This was then followed by a rising economical situation using space for more office buildings, creating the iconic newspaper district on the other side of the street in the 70’s. The office buildings contributed to the increase of traffic on the Wibautstraat, resulting in the first drastic urban changes. As a reaction to the unsatisfaction of inhabitants about the municipal shifted their focus on providing social housing. The introduction of the new underground metro line was connecting the city centre with surrounding neighbourhoods and help to regulate the upcoming traffic. But unfortunately it had negative effects on the street image in the 80’s and 90’s. Entering the 2000, a new, and bigger, plan was presented to transform Wibautstraat and replace that negative image. This was done by introducing new functions, like the HvA Campus and hotels, along the street and providing a cohesive look by adding greenery. The current municipal plans, in which Wibautstraat contributes, provide the opportunity to participate in experimental projects like Knowledge Mile, since 2021. This plan will introduce new methods and ideas for making the existing city green. With these educational projects the municipality wants to create Kenniskwartieren for advocating future developments in Amsterdam. Wibautstraat does not only provide for a direct road connection, but also introduces a pleasant neighbourhood with a green boulevard

The research hypothesis is that extensive layering and apparent modifications in the San Isidro area along Manzanares, dictated by the necessity of expansion, have changed the site’s everydayness. As a result, patterns of continuities and discontinuities began to take over the area, which needs to be addressed in the contemporary context and life of the city. This calls for an architectural intervention which aims, beyond the project itself, to the seamless transition of current and future everyday rituals. Due to urban stratification, there is an accumulation of multiple functions, atmospheres, daily rituals and routines over the greater area of San Isidro. In particular, the San Isidro, San Justo and Santa Maria cemeteries, alongside the park, festivities, and infrastructural networks, pose a convoluted environment where the different functions compete for prevalence. Simultaneously, their borders blur, putting the contemporary rituals in danger instead of promoting their evolution/development along the urban context. Furthermore, the city’s current and future development plans treat the areas mentioned above as sites of additions; it is not interested in preserving or developing existing characters; rather, it imposes new ones. Instead of trying to solve or alleviate the complex current state, it adds more layers to the existing ones. The graduation projects need to act as a reflection and critique This paper examines how changes in physical retail due to digital advances can inform a sustainable and adaptive design for Dutch post-war shopping malls. Malls have become outdated and don’t fit in the current society anymore. The malls that are still functioning are shifting to an entertainment experience. Research on a futureorientated design using developments in online retail can make malls adaptable for the future. A silver lining in this research is if the social, aesthetical, and economic values of the mall still are perceived by the public after these futureorientated developments.of the current situation...

This thesis is written after reviewing the UNESCO nomination report for the New Dutch Waterline (NDW). in the report and other literature regarding the NDW there is a very dominant blind spot regarding the vegetation and its historical value. This thesis tries to albeit in a modest way address this gap in the literature by setting the first steps of doing an analysis trying to answer the question: what is the historical value of the vegetation around fort Rhijnauwen. To arrive at a complete understanding of the landscape, the vegetation and being able to interpret these, the research will introduce the term genius loci as described by Schulz. After this the thesis will start on the general aspects of the NDW, zooming in per chapter on the topic of vegetation and the specific case study fort Rhijnauwen. The conclusion is that many of the described stages of history are upon closer inspection indeed readable in the landscape of the case study, giving it historic significance, the depth of the analysis however is limited and further or more detailed research could lead to an even better understanding of the landscape.

Industrial heritage is socially constructed in contemporary society, and diverse subjects and historical contexts create differentiated constructed outcomes. Taking 798 art zone in China and Zeche Zollverein in Germany as research objects, this paper explores and compares the diverse discourses behind the development of industrial heritage and the development strategies under its influence. When a wide range of forces such as government, groups, art, social actors, and people play against each other, the direction of heritage positioning becomes complex and ambiguous. The paper uses a combination of fieldwork and literature research to clarify the relationship between the multiple discourses through the development and strategic modes behind the two cases.

This thesis explores the relationship between architecture and film through the analysis of the cinema of Wes Anderson.The research focuses specifically
on the understanding of the spaces which Anderson has created in a historical per- spective. First, the relationship between architecture and film is explored through lite- rature research.The articulation of lived space forms the basis and common ground for architecture and cinema. Being both arts of the author, cinema and architecture have the potential to generate emotions, awaken our soul and to shift the attention of the viewer from the inside to the outside. Both cinema and architecture have the ability to construct spaces in the mind, articulate the surface between the world and our own mental experience, where meaning and value are blend.
The architecture, which plays a central role in the films of Anderson, is analy- zed. Anderson introduces spaces through the habits, ideals and aspirations of the indi- vidual, bringing buildings to life. Anderson balances stories between reality and fantasy, transcending the rules of geometry. The architecture in The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014) is analyzed as a case study. The film depicts the glory days and the fall down of a grand hotel in different eras but is above all a story of decay, loneliness and personal loss.Anderson intended to give homage to European Grandeur at the turn of the 19th century on the one hand and communist architecture on the other hand. The observations and research show contradictions and paradoxes in the blend of architectural styles depicted in the film. The conflicts and contradictions between foreign influences and ideological structures are both visible in the 1940s and the 1960s version of the exterior of the hotel. In the interior, the contradictory usage of material on the one hand and the rational floorplan and technological developments on the other hand shows the changing ideas about the function and definition of the hotel. Most important, the hotel resembles the personage of the characters who live in a forgotten and lost world.Anderson shows that spaces can question our narrative and imagination. When architecture can evoke this experience, the true quality of the practice is utilized and a level of consciousness is reached where dream, feeling and emotions reside.

In this thesis, the reasons for designers to settle in Philips heritage in Eindhoven is discussed. The question is twofold, as it aims to discover why designers settled in Eindhoven on the one hand and why they then decided to move into the former Philips buildings on the other. The answer is that it was a combination of circumstances that drove the designers to the city, but due to Eindhoven’s spirit as city of makers, it was always bound to happen. The reason for the designers to move into Philips buildings, is that many of these buildings were designer as a daylight factory, a typology which will be further elaborated on.

How the green landscape of Overvecht is determinant for its social development. The thesis seeks to investigate the relationship between the deterioration of the neighbourhood and the green landscape.