Steam injection and recovery in a hydrogen-powered auxiliary propulsion and power unit
Martin Van Schie (Student TU Delft)
Arvind Gangoli Rao (TU Delft - Aerospace Engineering)
Feijia Yin (TU Delft - Aerospace Engineering)
Alexander Heidebrecht (TU Delft - Aerospace Engineering)
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Abstract
Aviation has a significant contribution to climate change, which is poised to increase in the coming years due to increasing demand in air travel. The A321 APPU aircraft could offer a significant improvement as it offers a synergistic combination of two interesting technologies-a fuel-flexible hydrogen combustion system combined with boundary layer ingestion, by introducing a hydrogen-powered auxiliary power and propulsion unit (APPU). This turboshaft engine is located in the tail cone and powers a boundary layer ingestion propulsor, producing approximately 15% of the thrust. To improve the efficiency of the APPU, the feasibility of the steam ijection and recovery (SIR) cycle is evaluated. This semi-closed water cycle can reduce fuel consumption and NOx emissions. Both the baseline and the SIR APPU are modelled in pyCycle, an open-source gas turbine parametric analysis tool. The baseline APPU engine was found to have a thermal efficiency of 45% and a mass of around 500 kg. The SIR cycle can reduce fuel consumption by up to 7% and decrease NOx emissions by approximately 33%, with an increase in engine mass of approximately 15%.