Revisiting the Mapping of Quantum Circuits
Entering the Multi-core Era
Pau Escofet (Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya)
Anabel Ovide (Universitat Politécnica de Valencia)
M. Bandic (TU Delft - QCD/Feld Group)
Luise Prielinger (TU Delft - QCD/Feld Group)
J. Van Someren (TU Delft - QCD/Feld Group)
Sebastian Feld (TU Delft - QCD/Feld Group)
Eduard Alarcón (Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya)
Sergi Abadal (Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya)
Carmen Almudever (Universitat Politécnica de Valencia)
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Abstract
Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift in computation, offering the potential to solve complex problems intractable for classical computers. Although current quantum processors already consist of a few hundred qubits, their scalability remains a significant challenge. Modular quantum computing architectures have emerged as a promising approach to scale up quantum computing systems. This article delves into the critical aspects of distributed multi-core quantum computing, focusing on quantum circuit mapping, a fundamental task to successfully execute quantum algorithms across cores while minimizing inter-core communications. We derive the theoretical bounds on the number of non-local communications needed for random quantum circuits and introduce the Hungarian Qubit Assignment (HQA) algorithm, a multi-core mapping algorithm designed to optimize qubit assignments to cores with the aim of reducing inter-core communications. Our exhaustive evaluation of HQA against state-of-the-art circuit mapping algorithms for modular architectures reveals a 4.9× and 1.6× improvement in terms of execution time and non-local communications, respectively, compared to the best-performing algorithm. HQA emerges as a very promising scalable approach for mapping quantum circuits into multi-core architectures, positioning it as a valuable tool for harnessing the potential of quantum computing at scale.