Orthogonal Versus Zero-Forced Beamforming in Multibeam Antenna Systems
Review and Challenges for Future Wireless Networks
Yanki Aslan (Microwave Sensing, Signals & Systems)
Antoine Roederer (Microwave Sensing, Signals & Systems)
Nelson J.G. Fonseca (European Space Agency (ESA))
Piero Angeletti (European Space Agency (ESA))
Alexander Yarovoy (Microwave Sensing, Signals & Systems)
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Abstract
Orthogonality in multibeam antennas is revisited. The difference between orthogonal beamforming and zero-forced beamforming is highlighted. The intriguing relation between orthogonality, reciprocity and losses is recapitulated. Different approaches on the design of orthogonal beamforming networks and implementation of zero-forced beamforming strategies are shown with various examples from the antenna-research-oriented literature. The use of orthogonal and zero-forced beamforming is discussed from the communication system perspective with relevant studies from diverse disciplines. Some of the future research challenges and potential benefits are outlined for the next generation satellite and cellular communication applications.
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